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<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"><?PITarget PIContent?></syntaxhighlight>
The [[XHTML#XML declaration|XML Declaration]] at the beginning of an XML document (shown below) is '''not''' a processing instruction, however its similar syntax has often resulted in it being referred to as a processing instruction.<ref name="nutshell">{{cite book | title = XML in a nutshell | author = Elliotte Rusty Harold, W. Scott Means | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-596-00764-5 | page = 23 }}</ref>
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?></syntaxhighlight>
== Examples ==
The most common use of a processing instruction is to request the XML document be rendered using a [[Extensible Stylesheet Language|stylesheet]] using the 'xml-stylesheet' target, which was standardized in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-stylesheet/|title=Associating Style Sheets with XML documents 1.0 (Second Edition)}}</ref> It can be used for both [[XSLT]] and [[Cascading Style Sheet|CSS]] stylesheets.
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="style.xsl"?></syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="style.css"?></syntaxhighlight>
The [[DocBook]] XSLT stylesheets understand a number of processing instructions to override the default behaviour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/doc/pi/pi-fo.html|title = Part 2. FO Processing Instruction Reference}}</ref>
A draft specification for [[Robots exclusion standard]] rules inside XML documents uses processing instructions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atrus.org/writings/technical/robots_pi/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-08-18 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921021126/http://www.atrus.org/writings/technical/robots_pi/ |archivedate=2010-09-21
== References ==
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