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The original SMILES specification was initiated by [[David Weininger]] at the USEPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division Laboratory in [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]] in the 1980s.<ref name="Weininger-1988">{{cite journal| last1=Weininger| first1=David| title=SMILES, a chemical language and information system. 1. Introduction to methodology and encoding rules| journal=Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences| volume=28| issue= 1|pages=31–6|date=February 1988|doi=10.1021/ci00057a005 }}</ref><ref name="Weininger-1989">{{cite journal| last1=Weininger| first1=David| last2=Weininger| first2=Arthur| last3=Weininger| first3=Joseph L.| title=SMILES. 2. Algorithm for generation of unique SMILES notation| journal=Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling| volume=29| issue=2| pages=97–101|date=May 1989|doi=10.1021/ci00062a008 }}</ref><ref name="Weininger-1990">{{cite journal| last1=Weininger| first1=David| title=SMILES. 3. DEPICT. Graphical depiction of chemical structures| journal=Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling| volume=30| issue= 3|pages=237–43|date=August 1990|doi=10.1021/ci00067a005 }}</ref><ref name="Swanson-2004">{{cite book |author1=Swanson, Richard Pommier |editor1-last=Rayward |editor1-first=W. [Warden] Boyd |editor2-last=Bowden |editor2-first=Mary Ellen |title=The History and Heritage of Scientific and Technological Information Systems: Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the American Society of Information Science and Technology and the Chemical Heritage Foundation |date=2004 |publisher=[[Information Today]] |___location=Medford, NJ |isbn=9781573872294 |page=205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76OOQannpBgC&pg=PA205 |ref=ASIST monograph series 2002 |chapter=The Entrance of Informatics into Combinatorial Chemistry |chapter-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/2118/20100925010036/http://64.251.202.97/pubs/asist2002/17-swanson.pdf }}</ref> Acknowledged for their parts in the early development were "Gilman Veith and Rose Russo (USEPA) and Albert Leo and [[Corwin Hansch]] (Pomona College) for supporting the work, and Arthur Weininger (Pomona; Daylight CIS) and Jeremy Scofield (Cedar River Software, Renton, WA) for assistance in programming the system."<ref name="Weininger-1998">{{cite web|last=Weininger|first=Dave|title=Acknowledgements on Daylight Tutorial smiles-etc page|url=http://www.daylight.com/meetings/summerschool98/course/dave/smiles-etc.html|access-date=24 June 2013 |date=1998 }}</ref> The [[Environmental Protection Agency]] funded the initial project to develop SMILES.<ref name="Anderson-1987">{{cite book |year=1987 |title= SMILES: A line notation and computerized interpreter for chemical structures |id=Report No. EPA/600/M-87/021 |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. EPA]], Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth |___location=Duluth, MN |url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/2000CAUR.PDF?Dockey=2000CAUR.PDF |last1=Anderson |first1=E. |last2=Veith |first2=G. D. |last3=Weininger |first3=D. }}</ref><ref name="SMILES Tutorial: What is SMILES?">{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/med/Prods_Pubs/smiles.htm |title=SMILES Tutorial: What is SMILES? |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. EPA]] |access-date=2012-09-23 }}</ref>
It has since been modified and extended by others, most notably by
In July 2006, the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|IUPAC]] introduced the [[International Chemical Identifier|InChI]] as a standard for formula representation. SMILES is generally considered to have the advantage of being more human-readable than InChI; it also has a wide base of software support with extensive theoretical backing (such as [[graph theory]]).
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