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changed the reference to ETL Mark III as the first transistor computer (the citation only claims a Japanese first) to the Manchester University Transistor Computer of 1953. Please check that I've edited the citations correctly. Tags: references removed Visual edit: Switched |
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== Description ==
In principle, stored-program computers have been designed with various architectural characteristics. A computer with a [[von Neumann architecture]] stores program data and instruction data in the same memory, while a computer with a [[Harvard architecture]] has separate memories for storing program and data.<ref name="Page2009">{{cite book|author=Daniel Page|title=A Practical Introduction to Computer Architecture|year=2009|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-84882-255-9|page=148}}</ref><ref name="Balch2003">{{cite book|author=Mark Balch|title=Complete digital design: a comprehensive guide to digital electronics and computer system architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uFSRT-OIxyoC&pg=PA149|access-date=18 May 2011|year=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07-140927-8|page=149}}</ref> However, the term ''stored-program computer'' is sometimes used as a synonym for the von Neumann architecture.<ref name="Page2009b">{{cite book|author=Daniel Page|title=A Practical Introduction to Computer Architecture|year=2009|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-84882-255-9|page=153|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1m1tNcfWQYC&pg=PA153}}</ref><ref name="Grattan-Guinness2003">{{cite book|author=Ivor Grattan-Guinness|author-link=Ivor Grattan-Guinness|title=Companion encyclopedia of the history and philosophy of the mathematical sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hDvzITtfdAC&pg=PA705|year=2003|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-7396-6|page=705}}</ref> [[Jack Copeland]] considers that it is "historically inappropriate, to refer to electronic stored-program digital computers as 'von Neumann machines'".<ref>{{Citation | last = Copeland | first = Jack | author-link = Jack Copeland | title = A Brief History of Computing: ENIAC and EDVAC | year = 2000 | url = http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/pages/Reference%20Articles/BriefHistofComp.html#ACE | access-date = 27 January 2010 }}</ref> Hennessy and Patterson
== History ==
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