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**Astronomers report taking the first confirmed image ([[:File:PDS 70.jpg|see image]]) of a [[protoplanetary disk|newborn planet]]. The name of the nascent [[exoplanet]] is [[PDS 70b]] and is a few times larger than the planet [[Jupiter]].<ref name="EA-20180702">{{cite web |author=ESO |title=First confirmed image of newborn planet caught with ESO's VLT – Spectrum reveals cloudy atmosphere |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/e-fci062918.php |date=2 July 2018 |website=[[EurekAlert!]] |access-date=2 July 2018 }}</ref><ref name="ESO-20180629">{{cite journal |author=Müller, A. |display-authors=etal |title=Orbital and atmospheric characterization of the planet within the gap of the PDS 70 transition disk |url=http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1821/eso1821b.pdf |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=617 |pages=L2 |access-date=2 July 2018 |bibcode=2018A&A...617L...2M |year=2018 |arxiv=1806.11567 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201833584 |s2cid=49561725 }}</ref><ref name="ESO-20180630">{{cite web |author=Keppler, M. |display-authors=etal |title=Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70 ? |url=http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1821/eso1821a.pdf |website=[[ESO]] |access-date=2 July 2018 }}</ref>
**The [[koala]] genome is completely sequenced.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Adaptation and conservation insights from the koala genome |first1=Rebecca N. |last1=Johnson |first2=Denis |last2=O'Meally |first3=Zhiliang |last3=Chen |first4=Graham J. |last4=Etherington |first5=Simon Y. W. |last5=Ho |first6=Will J. |last6=Nash |first7=Catherine E. |last7=Grueber |first8=Yuanyuan |last8=Cheng |first9=Camilla M. |last9=Whittington |first10=Siobhan |last10=Dennison |first11=Emma |last11=Peel |first12=Wilfried |last12=Haerty |first13=Rachel J. |last13=O'Neill |first14=Don |last14=Colgan |first15=Tonia L. |last15=Russell |first16=David E. |last16=Alquezar-Planas |first17=Val |last17=Attenbrow |first18=Jason G. |last18=Bragg |first19=Parice A. |last19=Brandies |first20=Amanda Yoon-Yee |last20=Chong |first21=Janine E. |last21=Deakin |first22=Federica |last22=Di Palma |first23=Zachary |last23=Duda |first24=Mark D. B. |last24=Eldridge |first25=Kyle M. |last25=Ewart |first26=Carolyn J. |last26=Hogg |first27=Greta J. |last27=Frankham |first28=Arthur |last28=Georges |first29=Amber K. |last29=Gillett |first30=Merran |last30=Govendir |first31=Alex D. |last31=Greenwood |first32=Takashi |last32=Hayakawa |first33=Kristofer M. |last33=Helgen |first34=Matthew |last34=Hobbs |first35=Clare E. |last35=Holleley |first36=Thomas N. |last36=Heider |first37=Elizabeth A. |last37=Jones |first38=Andrew |last38=King |first39=Danielle |last39=Madden |first40=Jennifer A. Marshall |last40=Graves |first41=Katrina M. |last41=Morris |first42=Linda E. |last42=Neaves |first43=Hardip R. |last43=Patel |first44=Adam |last44=Polkinghorne |first45=Marilyn B. |last45=Renfree |first46=Charles |last46=Robin |first47=Ryan |last47=Salinas |first48=Kyriakos |last48=Tsangaras |first49=Paul D. |last49=Waters |first50=Shafagh A. |last50=Waters |first51=Belinda |last51=Wright |first52=Marc R. |last52=Wilkins |first53=Peter |last53=Timms |first54=Katherine |last54=Belov |display-authors=1 |date=2 July 2018 |journal=Nature Genetics |volume=50 |issue=8 |pages=1102–1111 |doi=10.1038/s41588-018-0153-5 |pmid=29967444 |pmc=6197426 |hdl=2433/232590}}</ref>
* 10 July – Researchers at the University of Michigan show that increased atmospheric
* 11 July – Scientists report the discovery in [[China]] of the [[Stone Age#Beginning of the Stone Age|oldest stone tools]] outside of [[Africa]], estimated at 2.12 million years old.<ref name="NYT-20180711cz">{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Zimmer |title=Archaeologists in China Discover the Oldest Stone Tools Outside Africa – Chipped rocks found in western China indicate that human ancestors ventured from Africa earlier than previously believed. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/science/hominins-tools-china.html |date=11 July 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=13 July 2018 }}</ref>
* 12 July
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*20 November
**Astronomers report the use of a new powerful method, [[NIRSpec]] in [[adaptive optics]] (AO) mode ([[NIRSPAO]]), to search for [[biosignature]]s on [[exoplanet]]s.<ref name="EA-20181120">{{cite news |author=W. M. Keck Observatory |title=Exoplanet stepping stones - Researchers are perfecting technology to one day look for signs of alien life |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-11/wmko-ess112018.php |date=20 November 2018 |work=[[EurekAlert!]] |access-date=21 November 2018 |author-link=W. M. Keck Observatory }}</ref><ref name="AJ-20181120">{{cite journal |author=Wang, Ji |display-authors=et al |title=Detecting Water in the Atmosphere of HR 8799 c with L-band High-dispersion Spectroscopy Aided by Adaptive Optics |date=20 November 2018 |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |volume=156 |pages=272 |number=6 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/aae47b |bibcode=2018AJ....156..272W |arxiv=1809.09080 |s2cid=119372301 }}</ref>
**The [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO) publishes its latest Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, showing record high concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, with levels of carbon dioxide (
*22 November
**35 genes that predispose people to [[chronic kidney disease]] are discovered by scientists at the University of Manchester.<ref>{{cite news |title=Revealed: 35 kidney genes linked to chronic kidney disease risk |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-11/uom-r3k111918.php |date=22 November 2018 |work=EurekAlert! |access-date=22 November 2018 }}</ref>
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** Researchers create a new algorithm, based on [[deep learning]], that is able to solve text-based [[CAPTCHA]] tests in less than 0.05 seconds.<ref>{{cite news |title=New attack could make website security captchas obsolete |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-12/lu-nac120418.php |date=5 December 2018 |work=EurekAlert! |access-date=5 December 2018 }}</ref>
** Scientists in the United Kingdom announce completion of the [[100,000 Genomes Project]].<ref>{{cite news|author-link=Fergus Walsh|first=Fergus|last=Walsh|title=Faster diagnosis from 'transformational' gene project|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-46456984|newspaper=BBC News|date=2018-12-05|access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref>
** Research published by the [[Global Carbon Project]] shows record high [[Greenhouse gas|carbon emissions]] of 37.1 billion metric tons in 2018, driven by a booming market for cars and ongoing coal use in China.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cars and coal help drive 'strong'
*8 December – China launches [[Chang'e 4]], the first mission to land a robotic craft on the far side of the Moon.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chang'e-4: China mission launches to far side of Moon|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46471668|newspaper=BBC News|date=2018-12-07|access-date=2018-12-07|last1=Rincon|first1=Paul}}</ref>
*10 December
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