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[[File:Ohm's Law with Voltage source TeX.svg|right|thumb|Representation of a lumped model made up of a voltage source and a resistor.]]
The '''lumped-element model''' (also called '''lumped-parameter model''', or '''lumped-component model''') simplifies the description of the behaviour of spatially distributed physical systems, such as electrical circuits, into a [[Topology (electrical circuits)|topology]] consisting of discrete entities that approximate the behaviour of the distributed system under certain assumptions. It is useful in [[electrical network|electrical systems]] (including [[electronics]]), mechanical [[multibody system]]s, [[heat transfer]], [[acoustics]], etc. This may be contrasted to [[Distributed parameter system|distributed parameter systems]] or models in which the behaviour is distributed spatially and cannot be considered as localized into discrete entities.
Mathematically speaking, the simplification reduces the [[State space (controls)|state space]] of the system to a [[counting number|finite]] [[dimension]], and the [[partial differential equation]]s (PDEs) of the continuous (infinite-dimensional) time and space model of the physical system into [[ordinary differential equation]]s (ODEs) with a finite number of parameters.
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