Control reversal: Difference between revisions

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===Pilot error===
[[Pilot error]] is the most common cause of control reversal. In [[unusual attitude]]s it is not uncommon for the pilot to become [[Spatial_disorientation#Senses_during_flight|disoriented]] and start feeding in incorrect control movements in order to regain level flight. This is particularly common when using helmet mounted display systems,<ref name="jenkins-hmd">{{cite journal |last1=Jenkins |first1=Joseph C. |title=The Effect of Configural Displays on Pilot Situation Awareness in Helmet-Mounted Displays |date=2007 |url=https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1297&context=etd_all |publisher=Wright State University |access-date= December 19, 2021 |format=pdf}}</ref> which introduce graphics that remain steady in the pilot's view, notably when using a particular form of attitude display known as an ''inside-out''.<ref name="aviatn-psych-outside-in">{{cite journal |last1=Previc |first1=Fred H. |last2=Ercoline |first2=William R. |title=The `Outside-In' Attitude Display Concept Revisited |journal=The International Journal of Aviation Psychology |date=October 1999 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=377–401 |doi=10.1207/s15327108ijap0904_5 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232896204_The_Outside-In%27_Attitude_Display_Concept_Revisited |access-date=December 19, 2021}}</ref>
 
===Incorrectly connected controls===
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===Boeing B-47===
The [[Boeing B-47]] was speed limited at low altitudes because the large, flexible wings would cancel out the effect of the control surfaces under some circumstances.<ref name="b-47">{{Citecite web |title=Boeing B-47E Stratojet USAF six-jet medium bomber |url=http://www.skytamer.com/Boeing_B-47E.html |titlewebsite=www.skytamer.com |access-date=19 BoeingDecember B2021 |quote=''Wing "twist" limited tree-47Etop Stratojetspeed USAFto six425 knots (787 km/h) to avoid control reversal.'' |url-jetstatus=live}} medium bomber{{unreliable-inline |date= December 2021}}</ref><ref name="nasa-quest-speed">{{Citecite book |last1=Loftin |first1=Lawrence K., Jr. |title=Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft (NASA SP-468) |date=1985 |publisher=NASA |chapter=12-2: Jet Bomber and Attack Aircraft web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-468/ch12-2.htm |titleaccess-date=Ch12December 19, 2021 |format=On-2line}} ([https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19850023776/downloads/19850023776.pdf PDF download])</ref>
 
===Gossamer Condor===
Control reversal also affected the [[Gossamer Condor]], the [[Kremer prizes|Kremer Prize]]-winning human-powered airplane. When a [[wing warping]] mechanism was tried as a solution to a long-running turning problem, the effect was to turn the airplane in the opposite direction to that expected by conventional airplane knowledge. When the Condor was rigged "conventionally", the inside wing slowed down so much that it settled to the ground. By employing "backwards" wired wing-warping, the inside wingtip [[angle of attack]] was increased so that the added drag slowed that wing while the added lift allowed the airfoil to stay aloft at a slower speed. The tilted canard could then complete the turn. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk/html/the_gossamers.html |title=The Gossamers (Archived copy) |access-date=2015-02-22December 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419063651/http://www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk/html/the_gossamers.html |archive-date=April 29, 2015-04-19 |url-status=dead |website=www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk }}</ref>
 
==References==