Elliptical polarization: Difference between revisions

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In [[electrodynamics]], '''elliptical polarization''' is the [[Polarization (waves)|polarization]] of [[electromagnetic radiation]] such that the tip of the [[electric field]] [[vector (geometry)|vector]] describes an [[ellipse]] in any fixed plane intersecting, and [[Surface normal|normal]] to, the direction of propagation. An elliptically polarized wave may be resolved into two [[linear polarization|linearly polarized wave]]s in [[Quadrature phase|phase quadrature]], with their polarization planes at right angles to each other. Since the electric field can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise as it propagates, elliptically polarized waves exhibit [[chirality (physics)|chirality]].

''[[Circular polarization]]'' and ''[[linear polarization]]'' can be considered to be special cases of ''elliptical polarization''. This terminology was introduced by [[Augustin-Jean Fresnel]] in 1822,<ref name=fresnel-1822z>A. Fresnel, "Mémoire sur la double réfraction que les rayons lumineux éprouvent en traversant les aiguilles de cristal de roche suivant les directions parallèles à l'axe", read 9&nbsp;December 1822; printed in H.&nbsp;de Senarmont, E.&nbsp;Verdet, and L.&nbsp;Fresnel (eds.), ''Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel'', vol.&nbsp;1 (1866), pp.{{nnbsp}}731–51; translated as "Memoir on the double refraction that light rays undergo in traversing the needles of quartz in the directions parallel to the axis", {{Zenodo|4745976}}, 2021 (open&nbsp;access); §§&#8239;9–10.</ref> before the electromagnetic nature of light waves was known.

Other forms of polarization, such as [[circular polarization|circular]] and [[linear polarization]], can be considered to be special cases of elliptical polarization.

[[Image:Elliptical polarization schematic.png|right|Elliptical polarization diagram]]