Utente:Yeagvr/Sandbox2: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 21:04, 5 lug 2019

Versione delle 21:05, 5 lug 2019

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Nel gennaio 2018, l'esercito turco e gli alleati della Siria libera e della Legione Sham hanno iniziato un'operazione transfrontaliera nel capoluogo Afrin a maggioranza curda nel nord della Siria, contro il Partito Democratico a guida curda in Siria (PYD) e gli Stati Uniti- ha sostenuto la milizia kurda YPG.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/01/erdogan-operation-syria-afrin-begun-180120120424928.html|title=Erdogan: Operation in Syria's Afrin has begun|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-afrin/turkish-army-hit-village-in-syrias-afrin-with-suspected-gas-kurdish-ypg-observatory-idUSKCN1G02JE Turkish army hit village in Syria's Afrin with suspected gas: Kurdish YPG, Observatory]. Reuters. 16 February 2018.</ref> Nel marzo 2018, la Turchia ha avviato operazioni militari per eliminare i combattenti del PKK curdo nel nord dell'Iraq.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey will drain 'terror swamp' in Iraq's Qandil, Erdogan says|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-turkey/turkey-will-drain-terror-swamp-in-iraqs-qandil-erdogan-says-idUSKBN1J71CJ|agency=Reuters|date=11 June 2018}}</ref>

==Serhildan==

The Serhildan, or people's uprising,<ref name="serhildan2">Aliza Marcus [https://books.google.com/books?id=V1uhlcKklRYC&pg=PA140&dq=Serhildan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DOcjT4XSEsLX0QXR3unOCg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Serhildan&f=false ''Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence''], 2007</ref> started on 14 March 1990, Nusaybin during the funeral of<ref name="asylumlaw2">{{cite web|url=http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/turkey/mar99_turkey_kurds.pdf|title=Kurds in Turkey&nbsp;– page 16|accessdate=15 April 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081035/http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/turkey/mar99_turkey_kurds.pdf|archivedate=16 July 2011|df=}}</ref> 20-year-old PKK fighter [[Kamuran Dundar]], who along with 13 other fighters was killed by the Turkish military after crossing into Turkey via Syria several days earlier. Dundar came from a Kurdish nationalist family which claimed his body and held a funeral for him in Nusaybin in which he was brought to the city's main mosque and 5000 people which held a march. On the way back the march turned violent and protesters clashed with the police, during which both sides fired upon each other and many people were injured. A curfew was then placed in Nusaybin, tanks and special forces were brought in and<ref name="serhildan2" /> some 700 people were arrested.<ref name="asylumlaw2" /> Riots spread to nearby towns<ref name="serhildan2" /> and in [[Cizre]] over 15,000 people, constituting about half the town's population took part in riots in which five people were killed, 80 injured and 155 arrested.<ref name="asylumlaw2" /> Widespread riots took place throughout the Southeast on [[Nowruz]], the Kurdish new-year celebrations, which at the time were banned.<ref name="asylumlaw2" /> Protests slowed down over the next two weeks as many started to stay home and Turkish forces were ordered not to intervene unless absolutely necessarily<ref name="serhildan2" /> but factory sit-ins, go-slows, work boycotts and "unauthorized" strikes were still held although in protest of the state.<ref name="asylumlaw2" />

Protests are often held on 21 March, or [[Nowruz]].<ref name="ifex2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifex.org/turkey/2010/11/01/protesting_as_a_terrorist_offense.pdf|title=Protesting as a Terrorist Offens|publisher=ifex.org|accessdate=13 April 2015}}</ref> Most notably in 1992, when thousands of protesters clashed with security forces all over the country and where the army allegedly disobeyed an order from President [[Suleyman Demirel]] not to attack the protest.<ref name="asylumlaw2" /> In the heavy violence that ensued during that year's Nowroz protest some 55<ref name="asylumlaw2" /> people were killed, mainly in Şırnak (26 killed), Cirze (29 killed) and Nusaybin (14 killed) and it included a police officer and a soldier. Over 200 people were injured<ref name="metu2">{{cite web|url=http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606923/index.pdf|title=MOBILIZING THE KURDS IN TURKEY: NEWROZ AS A MYTH|publisher=etd.lib.metu.edu.tr|accessdate=13 April 2015}}</ref> and another 200 were arrested.<ref name="asylumlaw2" /> According to Governor of Şırnak, Mustafa Malay, the violence was caused by 500 to 1,500 armed rebels which he alleged, entered the town during the festival. However, he conceded that "the security forces did not establish their targets properly and caused great damage to civilian houses."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kurdistan.org/work/commentary/turkeys-kurdish-policy-in-the-nineties/|title=Turkey's Kurdish Policy in the Nineties|publisher=|accessdate=26 October 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026115402/http://kurdistan.org/work/commentary/turkeys-kurdish-policy-in-the-nineties/|archivedate=26 October 2014|df=}}</ref>

Dalla cattura di [[Abdullah Öcalan]], avvenuta il 15 febbraio 1998, le proteste si tengono ogni anno in quella data.

<ref name="ifex2" />

== Movimento politico curdo ==