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Under the assumptions of all correct calculation, solutions [[beyond the standard model|beyond]] the existing [[Standard Model]] or standard cosmology might be needed.<ref name="fields11" />
Dark matter decay and [[supersymmetry]] provide one possibility, in which decaying dark matter scenarios introduce a rich array of novel processes that can alter light elements during and after BBN, and find the well-motivated origin in supersymmetric cosmologies. With the fully operational [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC), much of minimal supersymmetry lies within reach, which would revolutionize particle physics and cosmology if discovered;<ref name="fields11" /> however, results from the ATLAS experiment in 2020 have excluded many supersymmetric models.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Collaboration|first=Atlas|date=2020-10-27|title=Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}$ =13 TeV $pp$ collision data with the ATLAS detector|url=https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.14293v2|language=en|doi=10.1007/JHEP02(2021)143|arxiv=2010.14293 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Sutter|first=Paul|date=2021-01-07|title=From squarks to gluinos: It's not looking good for supersymmetry|url=https://www.space.com/no-signs-supersymmetry-large-hadron-collider|access-date=2021-10-29|website=Space.com|language=en}}</ref>
Changing [[fundamental constants]] can be one possible solution, and it implies that first, atomic transitions in metals residing in high-[[redshift]] regions might behave differently from our own. Additionally, Standard Model couplings and particle masses might vary; third, variation in nuclear physics parameters is needed.<ref name="fields11" />
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