Microphone array: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:31, 14 January 2022

Revision as of 21:45, 15 January 2022

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* Locating objects by sound: [[acoustic source localization]], e.g., military use to locate the source(s) of artillery fire. Aircraft ___location and tracking.

* [[High fidelity]] original recordings

* Environmental Noise Monitoring<ref>{{cite web| url = [http://www.acousticresearch.com.au/Products/Environmental%20Noise%20Compass| title = Environmental Noise Compass}}]</ref>

Typically, an array is made up of [[omnidirectional microphone]]s, directional microphones, or a mix of omnidirectional and directional microphones distributed about the [[perimeter]] of a space, linked to a [[computer]] that records and interprets the results into a coherent form. Arrays may also be formed using numbers of very closely spaced microphones. Given a fixed physical relationship in space between the different individual microphone transducer array elements, simultaneous DSP ([[digital signal processor]]) processing of the signals from each of the individual microphone array elements can create one or more "virtual" microphones. Different algorithms permit the creation of virtual microphones with extremely complex virtual polar patterns and even the possibility to steer the individual lobes of the virtual microphones patterns so as to home-in-on, or to reject, particular sources of sound. The application of these algorithms can produce varying levels of accuracy when calculating source level and ___location, and as such, care should be taken when deciding how the individual lobes of the virtual microphones are derived.<ref>{{citation |title=Assessing the accuracy of directional real-time noise monitoring systems |author=Jesse Tribby |date=9 November 2016 |url=https://www.acoustics.asn.au/conference_proceedings/AASNZ2016/papers/p124.pdf |access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref>

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In case the array consists of omnidirectional microphones they accept sound from all directions, so electrical signals of the microphones contain the information about the sounds coming from all directions. Joint processing of these sounds allows selecting the sound signal coming from the given direction.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://ntv.ifmo.ru/en/article/13685/primenenie_mikrofonnyh_reshetokdlya_distancionnogo_sbora_rechevoy_informacii.htm|title=Application of microphone arrays for distant speech capture |author=Stolbov M.B.|journal=Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics|volume=15|issue=4|pages=661–675|year=2015}}</ref>

An array of 1020 microphones,<ref>{{cite web| url = [http://cag.csail.mit.edu/mic-array/| title = LOUD: Large acOUstic Data Array Project}}]</ref> the largest in the world until August 21, 2014, was built by researchers at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[Csail|Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory]].

Currently the largest microphone array in the world was constructed by Sorama, a Netherlands-based sound engineering firm, in August 2014. Their array consists of 4096 microphones.<ref>{{cite web| url = [http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-microphone-array/| title = Largest microphone array}}]</ref>

== Soundfield microphone ==