Normalization principle: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:21, 21 September 2021

Revision as of 00:14, 21 January 2022

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==In contemporary society==

{{essay|section|date=April 2015}}

In the United States, large public institutions housing adults with developmental disabilities began to be phased out as a primary means of delivering services in the early 1970s and the statistics have been documented until the present day (2015) by David Braddock and his colleagues.<ref>Braddock, D., Hemp, R., Fujiura, G., Bachelder, L., & Mitchell, D. (1990). "The State of the States in Developmental Disabilities". Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.</ref> As early as the late 1960s, the normalization principle was described to change the pattern of residential services, as exposes occurred in the US and reform initiatives began in Europe. These proposed changes were described in the leading text by the President's Committee on Mental Retardation (PCMR) titled: "Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded" with leaders [[Burton Blatt]], [[Wolf Wolfensberger]], [[Bengt Nirje]], [[Bank-Mikkelson]], [[Jack Tizard]], [[Seymour Sarason]], [[Gunnar Dybwad]], [[Karl Gruenwald]], [[Robert Kugel]], and lesser known colleagues [[Earl Butterfield]], [[Robert E. Cooke]], [[David Norris (physician)|David Norris]], [[H. Michael Klaber]], and [[Lloyd Dunn]].<ref>Kugel, R.H. & Wolfensberger, W. (1969). Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded." Washington, DC: President's Committee on Mental Retardation"</ref>

===Deinstitutionalization and community development===