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'''Arduino''' ({{IPAc-en|ɑː|r|ˈ|d|w|iː|n|oʊ}}) is an [[open-source hardware]] and [[open-source software|software]] company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures [[single-board microcontroller]]smicrocontrollers and [[microcontroller]] kits for building digital devices. Its hardware products are licensed under a [[Creative Commons license|CC BY-SA license]], while the software is licensed under the [[GNU Lesser General Public License]] (LGPL) or the [[GNU General Public License]] (GPL),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/introduction|title= Getting Started: FOUNDATION > Introduction |work=arduino.cc}}</ref>[1] permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially from the official website or through authorized distributors.
Arduino board designs use a variety of [[microprocessor]]smicroprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog [[input/output]] (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards ('shields') or [[breadboards]] (for prototyping) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including [[Universal Serial Bus]] (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs. The microcontrollers can be programmed using the [[C (programming language)|C]] and [[C++]] [[programming language]]slanguages, using a standard API which is also known as the '''Arduino language''', inspired by the [[Processing (programming language)|Processing language]] and used with a modified version of the Processing IDE. In addition to using traditional [[compiler]] [[toolchains]], the Arduino project provides an [[integrated development environment]] (IDE) and a command -line tool developed in [[Go (programming language)|Go]].
The Arduino project began in 2005 as a tool for students at the [[Interaction Design Institute Ivrea]], Italy,<ref name="kushner">{{cite journal |journal= [[IEEE Spectrum2]] |url= https://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/the-making-of-arduino |title=The Making of Arduino |author=David Kushner |date=2011-10-26}}</ref> aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using [[sensor]]ssensors and [[actuator]]sactuators. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple [[robot]]srobots, [[thermostat]]sthermostats, and [[motion detector]]sdetectors.
The name ''Arduino'' comes from a bar in [[Ivrea]], Italy, where some of the founders of the project used to meet. The bar was named after [[Arduin of Ivrea]], who was the [[margrave]] of the [[March of Ivrea]] and [[King of Italy]] from 1002 to 1014.<ref>{{Cite journal |author= Justin Lahart |date=27 November 2009 |title= Taking an Open-Source Approach to Hardware |journal= [[The Wall Street Journal3]] |url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703499404574559960271468066 |access-date=2014-09-07}}</ref>
==History==
===Founding===
[[File:The first Arduino.jpeg|thumb|The first Arduino ever made]]
The Arduino project was started at the [[Interaction Design Institute Ivrea]] (IDII) in [[Ivrea]], Italy.<ref name="kushner">{{cite journal|author=David Kushner|date=2011-10-26|title=The Making of Arduino|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/the-making-of-arduino|journal=[[IEEE Spectrum]]}}</ref> At that time, the students used a [[BASIC Stamp]] [[microcontroller]] at a cost of $50. In 2003 [[Hernando Barragán]] created the development platform ''[[Wiring (development platform)|Wiring]]'' as a Master's thesis project at IDII, under the supervision of Massimo Banzi and [[Casey Reas]]. Casey Reas is known for co-creating, with Ben Fry, the [[Processing (programming language)|Processing]] development platform. The project goal was to create simple, low cost tools for creating digital projects by non-engineers. The Wiring platform consisted of a [[printed circuit board]] (PCB) with an [[ATmega]]128 microcontroller, an IDE based on Processing and library functions to easily program the microcontroller.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://arduinohistory.github.io|author=Hernando Barragán|title=The Untold History of Arduino|date=2016-01-01|website=arduinohistory.github.io|access-date=2016-03-06}}</ref>
In 2005, Massimo Banzi, with David Mellis, another IDII student, and David Cuartielles, extended Wiring by adding support for the cheaper ATmega8 microcontroller. The new project, forked from Wiring, was called ''Arduino''.<ref name=":0" />
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