Digital signal processor: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:15, 28 January 2022

Revision as of 21:00, 21 February 2022

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[[File:NeXTcube motherboard.jpg|thumb|The [[NeXTcube]] from 1990 had a [[Motorola 68040]] (25 MHz) and a digital signal processor [[Motorola 56001]] with 25 MHz which was directly accessible via an interface.]]

A '''digital signal processor''' ('''DSP''') is a specialized [[microprocessor]] chip, with its architecture optimized for the operational needs of [[digital signal processing]].<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last1 = Yovits | editor-first1 = Marshall C. | last1 = Dyer | first1 = Stephen A. | last2 = Harms | first2 = Brian K. | chapter = Digital Signal Processing | title = Advances in Computers | date = 1993-08-13 | volume = 37 | pages = 59{{hyphen}}118 | publisher = [[Academic Press]] | doi = 10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60403-9 | isbn = 978-0120121373 | issn = 0065-2458 | lccn = 59015761 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vL-bB7GALAwC&pg=PA104 | ol = OL10070096M | oclc = 858439915 | df = dmy-all}}</ref>{{rp|pages=104{{hyphen}}107}}<ref name="Liptak">{{ cite book | last = Liptak | first = B. G. | title = Process Control and Optimization | series = Instrument Engineers' Handbook | edition = 4th | year = 2006 | volume = 2 | pages = 11–12 | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 978-0849310812 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TxKynbyaIAMC&pg=PA11 | via = [[Google Books]] }}</ref> DSPs are [[semiconductor device fabrication|fabricated]] on [[MOS integrated circuit]] chips.<ref name="computerhistory1979"/><ref name="edn"/> They are widely used in [[audio signal processing]], [[telecommunications]], [[digital image processing]], [[radar]], [[sonar]] and [[speech recognition]] systems, and in common [[consumer electronic]] devices such as [[mobile phones]], [[disk drives]] and [[high-definition television]] (HDTV) products.<ref name="computerhistory1979"/>

The goal of a DSP is usually to measure, filter or compress continuous real-world [[analog signals]]. Most general-purpose microprocessors can also execute digital signal processing algorithms successfully, but may not be able to keep up with such processing continuously in real-time. Also, dedicated DSPs usually have better power efficiency, thus they are more suitable in portable devices such as [[mobile phone]]s because of power consumption constraints.<ref name="schaum-2004">{{cite web

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[https://www.synopsys.com/designware-ip/technical-bulletin/performance-coding-advantages.html "ARC XY Memory DSP Option"].

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*Special loop controls, such as architectural support for executing a few instruction words in a very tight loop without overhead for instruction fetches or exit testing -- suchtesting—such as [[zero-overhead looping]]<ref>

[https://microchipdeveloper.com/dsp0201:zero-overhead-loops "Zero Overhead Loops"].

</ref><ref>

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In 1978, [[American Microsystems]] (AMI) released the S2811.<ref name="computerhistory1979"/><ref name="edn"/> The AMI S2811 "signal processing peripheral", like many later DSPs, has a hardware multiplier that enables it to do [[multiply–accumulate operation]] in a single instruction.<ref>Alberto Luis Andres. [http://scholarworks.csun.edu/bitstream/handle/10211.3/126902/AndresAlberto1983.pdf "Digital Graphic Audio Equalizer"]. p. 48.</ref> The S2281 was the first [[integrated circuit]] chip specifically designed as a DSP, and fabricated using [[VMOS]] (V-groove MOS), a technology that had previously not been mass-produced.<ref name="edn"/> It was designed as a microprocessor peripheral, for the [[Motorola 6800]],<ref name="computerhistory1979"/> and it had to be initialized by the host. The S2811 was not successful in the market.

In 1979, [[Intel]] released the 2920 as an "analog signal processor".<ref>https://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/General/35yrs.pdf#page=17 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> It had an on-chip ADC/DAC with an internal signal processor, but it didn't have a hardware multiplier and was not successful in the market.

In 1980, the first stand-alone, complete DSPs – [[Nippon Electric Corporation]]'s [[NEC µPD7720]] and [[AT&T Corporation|AT&T]]'s [[AT&T DSP1|DSP1]] – were presented at the [[International Solid-State Circuits Conference]] '80. Both processors were inspired by the research in [[public switched telephone network]] (PSTN) [[telecommunication]]s. The µPD7720, introduced for [[voiceband]] applications, was one of the most commercially successful early DSPs.<ref name="computerhistory1979"/>