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=== Heat capacity ===
{{See|Electronic
One open problem in solid-state physics before the arrival of the free electron model was related to the low [[heat capacity]] of metals. Even when the [[Drude model]] was a good approximation for the Lorenz number of the Wiedemann–Franz law, the classical argument is based on the idea that the [[volumetric heat capacity]] of an ideal gas is
:<math>c^\text{Drude}_V = \frac{3}{2}nk_{\rm B}</math>.
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