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The purpose of a boost controller is to reduce the boost pressure seen by the [[wastegate]]'s reference port, in order to trick the wastegate into allowing higher boost pressures than it was designed for.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manual & Electronic Boost Controllers |url=https://www.summitracing.com/search/part-type/boost-controllers |website=www.summitracing.com |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref>
Many boost controllers use a [[needle valve]] that is opened and closed by an electric [[Solenoid valve|solenoid]]. By varying the [[pulse width]] to the solenoid, the solenoid valve can be commanded to be open a certain percentage of the time. This effectively alters the flow rate of air pressure through the valve, changing the amount of air that is bled out instead of going to the wastegate's reference port. Solenoids may require small diameter restrictors be installed in the air control lines to limit airflow and even out the on/off nature of their operation. Two-port solenoid bleed systems with a [[PID controller]] tend to be common on factory turbocharged cars.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
An alternative design is to use a [[stepper motor]]. These designs allow fine control of airflow based on position and speed of the motor, but may have low total airflow capability. Some systems use a solenoid in conjunction with a stepper motor, with the stepper motor allowing fine control and the solenoid coarse control.
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