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Medium|publisher= A Medium Corporation|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref> is an [[abstract model]] that organizes elements of [[data]] and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the es. For instance, a data model may specify that the data element representing a car be composed of a number of other elements which, in turn, represent the color and size of the car and define its owner.
{{Short description|Model that organizes elements of data and how they relate to one another and to real-world entities.}}
{{For|the professional|data modeling|database design}}
A '''data model''' (or 'del''')<ref>{{cite web|title= datamodel - UML Domain Modeling - Stack Overflhttps://stackoverflow.com/a/3835214|website= Stack Overflow|publisher= Stack Exchange Inc.|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="w3cxpath">{{cite web|title= XQuery and XPath Data Model 3.1|url= https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel-3/|website= World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)|publisher= W3C|access-date= 4 cite web|title= datamodel|url= https://www.npmjs.com/package/datamodel|website= npm|publisher= npm, Inc.|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= DataModel (Java EE 6)|url= http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/faces/model/DataModel.html|website= Java Documentation|publisher= Oracle|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1= Ostrovskiy|first1= Stan|title= iOS: Three ways to pass data from Model to Controller|url= htum.com/ios-os-x-development/ios-three-ways-to-pass-data-from-model-to-controller-b47cc72a4336#.ma7pr7no7|website= Medium|publisher= A Medium Corporation|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref> is an [[abstract model]] that organizes elements of [[data]] and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the es. For instance, a data model may specify that the data element representing a car be composed of a number of other elements which, in turn, represent the color and size of the car and define its owner.
The term '''data model''' can refer to two distinct but closely related concepts. Sometimes it refers to an abstract formalization of the objects and relationships found in a particular application ___domain: for example the customers, products, and orders found in a manufacturing organization. At f concepts used in defining such formalizations: for example concepts such as entities, attributes, relations, or tables. So the "data model" of a banking application may be defined using the entity-relationship "data model". This article uses the term in both senses.
[[File:Data modeling context.svg|thumb|360px| Overview of a data-modeling context: Data model is based on Data, Data relationship, Data semantic and Data constraint. A data model provides the details of [[information]] to be stored, and is of primary use when the final product is the generation of computer [[software code]] for an application or the preparation of a [[functional specification]] to aid a [[computer software]] make-or-buy decision. The figure is an example of the interaction between [[business process modeling|process]] and data models.<ref name="SS93">Paul R. Smith & Richard Sarfaty Publications, LLC 2009</ref>]]
A data model explicitly determines the structure of data. Data models are typically specified by a data specialist, data librarian, or a digital humanities scholar in a [[data modeling]] notation. These notations are often represented in graphical form.<ref name="MRM99">
Michael R. McCaleb (1999). [http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/jres/104/4/html/j44mac.htm#apa "A Conceptual Data Model of Datum Systems"] {{Webarchive
|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080921063005/http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/jres/104/4/html/j44mac.htm#apa |date= 2008-09-21
}}. National Institute of Standards and Technology. August 1999.
</ref>
A data model can sometimes be referred to as a [[data structure]], especially in the context of [[programming language]]s. Data models are often complemented by [[function model]]s, especially in the context of [[enterprise model]]s.
== Overview ==
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