Non-coding RNA: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:23, 11 April 2022

Revision as of 03:38, 23 April 2022

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===In pathogenic avoidance===

''[[C. elegans]]'' was shown to learn and inherit [[Poison shyness|pathogenic]] [[Avoidance response|avoidance]] after exposure to a single non-coding RNA of a [[Pathogenic bacteria|bacterial pathogen]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Researchers discover how worms pass knowledge of a pathogen to offspring |url=https://phys.org/news/2020-09-worms-knowledge-pathogen-offspring.html |access-date=11 October 2020 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaletsky |first1=Rachel |last2=Moore |first2=Rebecca S. |last3=Vrla |first3=Geoffrey D. |last4=Parsons |first4=Lance R. |last5=Gitai |first5=Zemer |last6=Murphy |first6=Coleen T. |title=C. elegans interprets bacterial non-coding RNAs to learn pathogenic avoidance |journal=Nature |date=9 September 2020 |volume=586 |issue=7829 |pages=445–451 |doi=10.1038/s41586-020-2699-5 |pmc=8547118 |pmid=32908307 |bibcode=2020Natur.586..445K |s2cid=221626129 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2699-5 |access-date=11 October 2020 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>

==Roles in disease==

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The [[p53]] tumor suppressor is arguably the most important agent in preventing tumor formation and progression. The p53 protein functions as a transcription factor with a crucial role in orchestrating the cellular stress response. In addition to its crucial role in cancer, p53 has been implicated in other diseases including diabetes, cell death after ischemia, and various neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington, Parkinson, and Alzheimer. Studies have suggested that p53 expression is subject to regulation by non-coding RNA.<ref name="MorrisKV"/>

Another example of non-coding RNA dysregulated in cancer cells is the long non-coding RNA Linc00707. Linc00707 is upregulated and sponges miRNAs in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jia|first1=Bo|last2=Wang|first2=Zhiping|last3=Sun|first3=Xiang|last4=Chen|first4=Jun|last5=Zhao|first5=Jianjiang|last6=Qiu|first6=Xiaoling|date=December 2019|title=Long noncoding RNA LINC00707 sponges miR-370-3p to promote osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells through upregulating WNT2B|url= |journal=Stem Cell Research & Therapy|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=67|doi=10.1186/s13287-019-1161-9|issn=1757-6512|pmc=6387535|pmid=30795799}}</ref> in hepatocellular carcinoma,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tu|first1=Jianfei|last2=Zhao|first2=Zhongwei|last3=Xu|first3=Min|last4=Chen|first4=Minjiang|last5=Weng|first5=Qiaoyou|last6=Wang|first6=Jiangmei|last7=Ji|first7=Jiansong|date=July 2019|title=LINC00707 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression via sponging miR‐206 to increase CDK14|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcp.27737|journal=Journal of Cellular Physiology|language=en|volume=234|issue=7|pages=10615–10624|doi=10.1002/jcp.27737|pmid=30488589|s2cid=54119752|issn=0021-9541}}</ref> gastric cancer<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Xie|first1=Min|last2=Ma|first2=Tianshi|last3=Xue|first3=Jiangyang|last4=Ma|first4=Hongwei|last5=Sun|first5=Ming|last6=Zhang|first6=Zhihong|last7=Liu|first7=Minjuan|last8=Liu|first8=Yinghua|last9=Ju|first9=Songwen|last10=Wang|first10=Zhaoxia|last11=De|first11=Wei|date=February 2019|title=The long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 707 promotes proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer by interacting with mRNA stabilizing protein HuR|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304383518306980|journal=Cancer Letters|language=en|volume=443|pages=67–79|doi=10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.032|pmid=30502359|s2cid=54611497}}</ref> or breast cancer,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Tong|last2=Li|first2=Yunpeng|last3=Sun|first3=Hongyan|date=2019-06-06|title=MicroRNA-876 is sponged by long noncoding RNA LINC00707 and directly targets metadherin to inhibit breast cancer malignancy|url= |journal=Cancer Management and Research|volume=11|pages=5255–5269|language=en|doi=10.2147/cmar.s210845|pmc=6559252|pmid=31239777}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yuan|first1=R.-X.|last2=Bao|first2=D.|last3=Zhang|first3=Y.|date=May 2020|title=Linc00707 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via the miR-30c/CTHRC1 regulatory loop in breast cancer|url=http://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202005_21175|journal=European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences|volume=24|issue=9|pages=4863–4872|doi=10.26355/eurrev_202005_21175|pmid=32432749|issn=1128-3602}}</ref> and thus promotes osteogenesis, contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression, promotes proliferation and metastasis, or indirectly regulates expression of proteins involved in cancer aggressiveness, respectively.

===Prader–Willi syndrome===

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===Mitochondrial transfer RNAs===

A number of mutations within mitochondrial tRNAs have been linked to diseases such as [[MELAS syndrome]], [[MERRF syndrome]], and [[chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=RW |last2=Turnbull |first2=DM |title=Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human disease. |journal=Nature reviewsReviews. Genetics |date=May 2005 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=389-402389–402 |doi=10.1038/nrg1606 |pmid=15861210|pmc=1762815 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yarham |first1=JW |last2=Elson |first2=JL |last3=Blakely |first3=EL |last4=McFarland |first4=R |last5=Taylor |first5=RW |title=Mitochondrial tRNA mutations and disease. |journal=Wiley interdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary reviewsReviews. RNA |date=September 2010 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=304-24304–24 |doi=10.1002/wrna.27 |pmid=21935892|s2cid=43123827 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zifa |first1=E |last2=Giannouli |first2=S |last3=Theotokis |first3=P |last4=Stamatis |first4=C |last5=Mamuris |first5=Z |last6=Stathopoulos |first6=C |title=Mitochondrial tRNA mutations: clinical and functional perturbations. |journal=RNA biologyBiology |date=January 2007 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=38-6638–66 |doi=10.4161/rna.4.1.4548 |pmid=17617745|s2cid=11965790 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abbott |first1=JA |last2=Francklyn |first2=CS |last3=Robey-Bond |first3=SM |title=Transfer RNA and human disease. |journal=Frontiers in geneticsGenetics |date=2014 |volume=5 |pages=158 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2014.00158 |pmid=24917879|pmc=4042891 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Distinction between functional RNA (fRNA) and ncRNA==