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VulcanSphere (talk | contribs) Adding local short description: "Input to a cryptographic primitive", overriding Wikidata description "fixed-size input to a cryptographic primitive that is typically required to be random or pseudorandom" (Shortdesc helper) |
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{{Short description|Input to a cryptographic primitive}}
In [[cryptography]], an '''initialization vector''' ('''IV''') or '''starting variable''' ('''SV''')<ref>ISO/IEC 10116:2006 ''Information technology — Security techniques — Modes of operation for an ''n''-bit block cipher''</ref> is an input to a [[cryptographic primitive]] being used to provide the initial state. The IV is typically required to be [[random]] or [[pseudorandom]], but sometimes an IV only needs to be unpredictable or unique. [[Randomization]] is crucial for some [[encryption]] schemes to achieve [[semantic security]], a property whereby repeated usage of the scheme under the same [[cryptographic key|key]] does not allow an attacker to infer relationships between (potentially similar) segments of the encrypted message. For [[block cipher]]s, the use of an IV is described by the [[Block cipher mode of operation|modes of operation]].
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