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Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria.<ref>Edwin D. Reilly (2003). ''Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology'', p. 245.</ref>
* [[IBM SSEC]], became operational in January 1948 but was [[electromechanical]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Emerson W. Pugh|author2=Lyle R. Johnson|author3=John H. Palmer|title=''IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems''|url=https://archive.org/details/ibms360early370s0000pugh|url-access=registration|date=1991|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-51720-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/ibms360early370s0000pugh/page/15 15]}}</ref>
* In April 1948, modifications were completed to [[ENIAC]] to function as a stored-program computer, with the program in its function tables (by setting dials on its function tables, which could store 3,600 decimal digits for instructions. It ran its first stored program on April 12, 1948 and its first production program on April 17<ref>{{cite book|author1=Thomas Haigh|author2=Mark Priestley|author3=Crispen Rope
|title=ENIAC in Action:Making and Remaking the Modern Computer
|year=2016
|publisher=MIT Press
|isbn=978-0-262-03398-5
|pages=153, 157, 164, 174, 194}}</ref><ref>[https://epictechnologyforgreatjustice.weebly.com/eniac.html Epic Technology for Great Justice – ENIAC]</ref>
* [[APEXC|ARC2]], a relay machine developed by [[Andrew Donald Booth|Andrew Booth]] and [[Kathleen Booth]] at [[Birkbeck, University of London]], officially came online on 12 May 1948.<ref name="birkbeck">{{cite journal|last1=Campbell-Kelly|first1=Martin|title=The Development of Computer Programming in Britain (1945 to 1955)|journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing|date=April 1982|volume=4|issue=2|pages=121–139|doi=10.1109/MAHC.1982.10016|s2cid=14861159}}</ref> It featured the first [[drum memory|rotating drum storage device]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Lavington|editor1-first=Simon|title=Alan Turing and his Contemporaries: Building the World's First Computers|date=2012|publisher=British Computer Society|___location=London|isbn=9781906124908|page=61}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Roger|title=School of Computer Science & Information Systems: A Short History|url=http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/site/assets/files/1029/50yearsofcomputing.pdf|website=Birkbeck College|publisher=University of London|access-date=23 July 2017|date=April 2008}}</ref>
* [[Manchester Baby]], a developmental, fully electronic computer that successfully ran a stored program on 21 June 1948. It was subsequently developed into the [[Manchester Mark 1]], which ran its first program in early April 1949.
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* [[BINAC]], delivered to a customer on 22 August 1949. It worked at the factory but there is disagreement about whether or not it worked satisfactorily after being delivered. If it had been finished at the projected time, it would have been the first stored-program computer in the world. It was the first stored-program computer in the U.S.<ref>Hally, Mike. ''Electronic Brains'', 2005, pp. 40-41.</ref>
* [[Manchester University Transistor Computer]] , is generally regarded as the first transistor-based stored-program computer having become operational in November 1953. <ref name="fransman"> T Kilburn, R L Grimsdale and D C Webb (1956), [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_6DMnS1Y12cC&pg=PA19 ''A transistor digital computer with a magnetic drum store''], [[Cambridge University Press|CambridgProc. IEE Vol. 103, Part B, Supp. 1-3. 1956. Pages 390 – 406e University Press]]</ref> <ref>R L Grimsdale [https://www.computerconservationsociety.org/resurrection/res13.htm#c The Transition from Valves to Computers], Resurrection volume 13, Computer Conservation Society</ref>
===Telecommunication===
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