Human-based computation: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:17, 12 May 2022

Revision as of 17:19, 12 May 2022

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* (HC) Computerized tests. A computer generates a problem and presents it to evaluate a user. For example, [[CAPTCHA]] tells human users from computer programs by presenting a problem that is supposedly easy for a human and difficult for a computer. While CAPTCHAs are effective security measures for preventing automated abuse of online services, the human effort spent solving them is otherwise wasted. The [[reCAPTCHA]] system makes use of these human cycles to help digitize books by presenting words from scanned old books that optical character recognition cannot decipher.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~biglou/reCAPTCHA_Science.pdf |title=reCAPTCHA: Human-Based Character Recognition via Web Security Measures |author=von Ahn, Luis; Benjamin Maurer, Colin McMillen, David Abraham, and Manuel Blum |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref>

* (HC) Interactive online games: These are programs that extract knowledge from people in an entertaining way.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000229091147/http://www.20q.net/index.html|author=Burgener, Robin |title=20Q . net. Twenty Questions. The neural-net on the Internet. Play Twenty Questions |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~biglou/ESP.pdf |title=Labeling Images with a Computer Game |author=von Ahn, Luis, and Laura Dabbish |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~biglou/Verbosity.pdf |title=Verbosity: A Game for Collecting Common-Sense Facts |author=von Ahn, Luis; Mihir Kedia, and Manuel Blum |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~biglou/Phetch.pdf |title=Improving Accessibility of the Web with a Computer Game |author=von Ahn, Luis; Shiri Ginosar, Mihir Kedia, Ruoran Liu, and Manuel Blum |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7980953.PN.&OS=PN/7980953&RS=PN/7980953 |title=Method for labeling images through a computer game |author=von Ahn, Luis |date=19 July 2011 |access-date=12 May 2022}}{{US patent|7980953}}</ref>

* (HC) "Human Swarming" or "Social Swarming". The UNU platform for human swarming establishes real-time closed-loop systems around groups of networked users molded after biological swarms, enabling human participants to behave as a unified [[collective intelligence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sites.lsa.umich.edu/collectiveintelligence/wp-content/uploads/sites/176/2015/05/Rosenberg-CI-2015-Abstract.pdf |title=Human Swarms: a real-time paradigm for Collective intelligence |author=Rosenberg, Louis B.|access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref><ref>http://sites.lsa.umich.edu/collectiveintelligence/wp-content/uploads/sites/176/2015/05/Rosenberg-CI-2015-Abstract.pdf {{Bare URL PDF |date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027132802/https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/titles/content/ecal2015/ch117.html |title=Swarms: a real-time paradigm for Collective intelligence |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=924249 |title=Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge |author=Sunstein, Cass R. |access-date=12 JuneMay 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1381502 |title=Harnessing Crowds: Mapping the Genome of Collective Intelligence |author=Malone, Thomas W.; Robert Laubacher, and Chrysanthos Dellarocas |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref>