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{{main|Unit commitment problem in electrical power production}}
Day-ahead operation schedules the generation units that can be called upon to provide the electricity on the next day ('''unit commitment'''). The [[dispatchable generation]] units can produce electricity on demand and thus can be scheduled with accuracy. The production of the weather-dependent [[variable renewable energy]] for the next day is not certain, its sources are thus non-dispatchable. This variability, coupled with uncertain future power demand and the need to accommodate possible generation and [[electricity transmission|transmission]] failures requires scheduling of [[operating reserve]]s that are not expected to produce electricity, but can be dispatched on a very short notice.{{sfn|Conejo|Baringo|2017|p=9}}
For a "traditional" [[vertical integration#Electric utilities|vertically integrated electric utility]] the main goal of the unit commitment is to minimize both the [[marginal cost]] of producing the unit electricity and the (quite significant for fossil fuel generation) start-up costs. In a "restructured" [[electricity market]] a [[market clearing]] algorithm is utilized, frequently in a form of an [[auction]]; the [[merit order]] is sometimes defined not just by the monetary costs, but also by the environmental concerns.{{sfn|Conejo|Baringo|2017|p=9}}
== Hours-ahead operation ==
{{main|Economic dispatch}}
In the hours prior to the delivery, a system operator might need to deploy additional [[supplemental reserve]]s or even commit more generation units, primarily to ensure the reliability of the supply while still trying to minimize the costs. At the same time, operator must ensure that enough [[reactive power reserve]]s are available to prevent the [[voltage collapse]].{{sfn|Conejo|Baringo|2017|p=10}}
== References ==
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