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Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions): Difference between revisions

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|- valign="top"
| [[Go (programming language)|Go]]
| <code>if '' condition '' {''instructions''}''<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code>
| <code>if '' condition '' {''instructions''}''<br />else if '' condition '' {''instructions''}<br />''...''<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code><br />or<br /><code>switch {'' {{indent|2}}''case ''condition'': ''instructions''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''default: ''instructions''»<br />''}</code>
| <code>switch '' variable '' {'' {{indent|2}}''case ''case1case<sub>1</sub>'': ''instructions''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''default: ''instructions''»<br />''}</code>
|
|- valign="top"
| [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]
| <code>if '' condition '' {''instructions''}''<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code>
| <code>if '' condition '' {''instructions''}''<br />else if '' condition '' {''instructions''}<br />''...''<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code>
| <code>switch '' variable '' {''{{indent|2}}''case ''case1case<sub>1</sub>'': ''instructions''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''default: ''instructions''»<br />''}</code>
|
|- valign="top"
| [[Perl]]
| <code>if (''condition'') {''instructions''}''<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code><br />or<br /><code>unless (''notcondition'') {''instructions''}''<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code>
| <code>if (''condition'') {''instructions''}''<br />elsif (''condition'') {''instructions''}<br />''...''<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code><br />or<br /><code>unless (''notcondition'') {''instructions''}''<br />elsif (''condition'') {''instructions''}<br />''...''<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code>
| <code>use feature "switch";''<br />''...''<br />''given (''variable'') {'' {{indent|2}}''when (''case1case<sub>1</sub>'') { '' instructions '' }''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''default { '' instructions '' }''»<br />''}</code>
| <code>''condition'' [[?:|?]] ''valueIfTrue'' [[?:|:]] ''valueIfFalse''</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Raku (programming language)|Raku]]
| <code>if ''condition'' {''instructions''}''<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code><br />or<br /><code>unless ''notcondition'' {''instructions''}</code>
| <code>if ''condition '' {''instructions''}'' <br />elsif ''condition'' {''instructions''} <br />...<br />«''else {''instructions''}</code>
| <code>given ''variable'' {''{{indent|2}}''when ''case1case<sub>1</sub>'' { '' instructions '' }''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''default { '' instructions '' }''»<br />''}</code>
| <code>''condition'' [[?:|??]] ''valueIfTrue'' !! ''valueIfFalse''</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
| <code>if ''condition''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />«''else''{{indent|2}}''instructions»''</code>
| <code>if ''condition''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''elsif ''condition''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''...''<br />«''else''{{indent|2}}''instructions''»<br />''end</code>
| <code>case ''variable''{{indent|2}}''when ''case1case<sub>1</sub>''{{indent|4}}''instructions''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''else''{{indent|4}}''instructions''»<br />''end</code>
| <code>''condition'' [[?:|?]] ''valueIfTrue'' [[?:|:]] ''valueIfFalse''</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]
| <code>if (''condition'') {''instructions''}''<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code>
| <code>if (''condition'') {''instructions''}''<br />else if (''condition'') {''instructions''}<br />...<br />«''else {''instructions''}''»''</code>
| <code>''expression'' match {''{{indent|2}}''case ''pattern1'' => ''expression''{{indent|2}}''case ''pattern2'' => ''expression''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''case _ => ''expression''»<br />''}</code>{{ref|pattern matching|[b]}}
| <code>if (''condition'') ''valueIfTrue'' else ''valueIfFalse''</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Smalltalk]]
| <code>''condition'' ifTrue:''{{indent|2}}''trueBlock''<br />«''ifFalse:''{{indent|2}}''falseBlock''»<br />''end</code>
|
|
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|- valign="top"
| [[Common Lisp]]
| <code>''(when'' condition''{{indent|2}}''instructions'')</code><br />or<br /><code>(unless '' condition''{{indent|2}}''instructions'')</code><br />or<br /><code>(if '' condition''{{indent|2}}''(progn '' instructions'')''{{indent|2}}«''(progn '' instructions'')''»'')</code>
| <code>(cond (''condition1 instructions'')''{{indent|2}}''(''condition2 instructions'')''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''(t '' instructions'')''»'')</code>
| <code>(case '' expression''{{indent|2}}''(''case1 instructions'')''{{indent|2}}''(''case2 instructions'')''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''(otherwise '' instructions'')''»'')</code>
| <code>(if '' test then else'')</code><br />or<br /><code>(cond (''test1 value1'') (''test2 value2'') ''...''))</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]
| <code>(when '' condition instructions'')</code><br />or<br /><code>(if '' condition '' (begin '' instructions'')'' «''(begin '' instructions'')''»'')</code>
| <code>(cond (''condition1 instructions'') (''condition2 instructions'') '' ...'' «''(else '' instructions'')''»'')</code>
| <code>(case (''variable'') ((''case1'') ''instructions'') ((''case2'') ''instructions'') '' ...'' «''(else '' instructions'')''»'')</code>
| <code>(if '' condition valueIfTrue valueIfFalse'')</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[ISLISP]]
| <code>(if '' condition''{{indent|2}}''(progn '' instructions'')''{{indent|2}}«''(progn '' instructions'')''»'')</code>
| <code>(cond (''condition1 instructions'')''{{indent|2}}''(''condition2 instructions'')''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''(t '' instructions'')''»'')</code>
| <code>(case '' expression''{{indent|2}}''(''case1 instructions'')''{{indent|2}}''(''case2 instructions'')''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''(t '' instructions'')''»'')</code>
| <code>(if '' condition valueIfTrue valueIfFalse'')</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]
| <code>if ''condition'' then begin''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''end''<br />«''else begin''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''end''»''</code>{{ref|pascal semicolon|[c]}}
| <code>if ''condition'' then begin''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''end''<br />''else if ''condition'' then begin''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''end''<br />''...''<br />«''else begin''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''end''»''</code>{{ref|pascal semicolon|[c]}}
| <code>case '' variable '' of''{{indent|2}}''case1'': ''instructions''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''else: ''instructions''»<br />''end</code>{{ref|pascal semicolon|[c]}}
|- valign="top"
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
| rowspan=3| <code>If ''condition'' Then''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />«''Else''{{indent|2}}''instructions''»<br />''End If</code><br />Single-line, when {{code|instructions}} are <code>instruction{{sub|1}} : instruction{{sub|2}} : ...</code>:<br /><code>If ''condition'' Then ''instructions «'' «Else ''instructions»''</code>
| rowspan=3| <code>If ''condition'' Then''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''ElseIf ''condition'' Then''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''...''<br />«''Else''{{indent|2}}''instructions''»<br />''End If</code><br />Single-line:<br />See note about C-like languages; the {{code|Else}} clause of a single-line {{code|If}} statement can contain another single-line {{code|If}} statement.
| rowspan=3| <code>Select''«'' Case''» ''variable''{{indent|2}}''Case ''case_pattern{{sub|1}}''{{indent|4}}''instructions''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''Case Else''{{indent|4}}''instructions''»<br />''End Select</code>
| <code>[[IIf]](''condition'', '' valueIfTrue'', '' valueIfFalse'')</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Visual Basic .NET]]
| rowspan=2| <code>If(''condition'', '' valueIfTrue'', '' valueIfFalse'')</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Xojo]]
|- valign="top"
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]]{{ref|python indent|[a]}}
| <code>if ''condition'' :''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''<br />«''else:''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions»''</code>
| <code>if ''condition'' :''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''<br />''elif ''condition'' :''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''<br />''...''<br />«''else:''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions»''</code>
| Python 3.10+:<br /><code>match ''variable'':<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''case ''case1'':<br />{{keypress|Tab}}{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''case ''case2'':<br />{{keypress|Tab}}{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''</code>
| Python 2.5+:<br /><code>''valueIfTrue'' if ''condition'' else ''valueIfFalse''</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[S-Lang (programming language)|S-Lang]]
| <code>if (''condition'') { '' instructions '' }'' «''else { '' instructions '' }''»''</code>
| <code>if (''condition'') { '' instructions '' } else if (''condition'') { ''instructions'' } ''...'' «''else { '' instructions'' }''»''</code>
| <code>switch (''variable'') { case '' case1'': '' instructions '' } { case '' case2'': '' instructions '' } ''...''</code>
|
|- valign="top"
| [[Fortran]]
| <code>IF (''condition'') THEN''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''ELSE''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''ENDIF</code>
| <code>IF (''condition'') THEN'' {{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''ELSEIF (''condition'') THEN''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''...''<br />''ELSE''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''ENDIF</code>
| <code>SELECT CASE(''variable'')''{{indent|2}}''CASE (''case1'')''{{indent|4}}''instructions''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}''CASE DEFAULT''{{indent|4}}''instructions''<br />''END SELECT</code>
|
|- valign="top"
| [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]]
| <code>''condition '' IF '' instructions'' « ''ELSE '' instructions» ''» THEN</code>
| <code>''condition '' IF '' instructions'' ELSE '' condition '' IF '' instructions '' THEN THEN</code>
| <code>''value '' CASE''{{indent|2}}case ''OFcase'' instructionsOF ''ENDOFinstructions'' ENDOF{{indent|2}}case ''OFcase'' instructionsOF ''ENDOFinstructions'' ENDOF{{indent|4}}''default instructions''<br />''ENDCASE</code>
| <code>''condition '' IF '' valueIfTrue ''ELSE '' valueIfFalse '' THEN</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[OCaml]]
| <code>if ''condition'' then begin ''instructions'' end ''«''else begin ''instructions'' end''»''</code>
| <code>if ''condition'' then begin ''instructions'' end else if ''condition'' then begin ''instructions'' end ''...'' «''else begin ''instructions'' end''»''</code>
| rowspan=2| <code>match ''value'' with'' {{indent|2}}''pattern1 '' -> '' expression''{{indent|2}}''{{pipe}} ''pattern2 '' -> ''expression''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''{{pipe}} _ -> ''expression''»</code>{{ref|pattern matching|[b]}}''</code>
| rowspan=4| <code>if ''condition'' then ''valueIfTrue'' else ''valueIfFalse''</code>
|- valign="top"
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| Lightweight syntax mode:
Either on a single line or with indentation as shown below:
<code>if ''condition'' then''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''<br />«''else''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions»''</code><br />Verbose syntax mode:<br />Same as Standard ML (below).
| Lightweight syntax mode:<br />Either on a single line or with indentation as shown below:<br /><code>if ''condition'' then''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''<br />''elif ''condition'' then''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''<br />''...''<br />«''else''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions»''</code><br />Verbose syntax mode:<br />Same as Standard ML (below).
|- valign="top"
| [[Standard ML]]
| <code>if ''condition'' then ''«''(''»instructions «'')''»<br />''else ''«''(''» instructions «'')''»''</code>
| <code>if ''condition'' then ''«''(''»instructions «'')''»<br />''else if ''condition'' then ''«''(''» instructions «'')''»<br />''...''<br />''else ''«''(''» instructions «'')''»''</code>
| <code>case ''value'' of''{{indent|2}}''pattern1 '' => '' expression''{{indent|2}}''{{pipe}} '' pattern2 '' => '' expression''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''{{pipe}} _ => '' expression»''</code>{{ref|pattern matching|[b]}}
|- valign="top"
| [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]] ([[Glasgow Haskell Compiler|GHC]])
| <code>if ''condition'' then ''expression'' else ''expression''</code><br />or<br /><code>when ''condition'' (do ''instructions'')</code><br />or<br /><code>unless ''notcondition'' (do ''instructions'')</code>
| <code>''result'' {{pipe}} ''condition'' = ''expression''{{indent|2}}''{{pipe}} ''condition'' = ''expression''{{indent|2}}''{{pipe}} otherwise = ''expression''</code>
| <code>case ''value'' of {''{ {indent|2}}''pattern1 '' -> '' expression'';''{{indent|2}}''pattern2 '' -> '' expression'';''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}«''_ -> '' expression»''<br />''}</code>{{ref|pattern matching|[b]}}
|- valign="top"
| [[Bash shell]]
| <code>if ''condition-command;'' then''{{indent|2}}''expression''<br />«''else''{{indent|2}}''expression''»<br />''fi</code>
| <code>if ''condition-command;'' then''{{indent|2}}''expression''<br />''elif ''condition-command;'' then''{{indent|2}}''expression''<br />«''else''{{indent|2}}''expression''»<br />''fi</code>
| <code>case ''"$variable"'' in''{{indent|2}}''"$condition1" ){{indent|4}}command...{{indent|2}}"$condition2" ){{indent|4}}command...''<br />''esac</code>
|
|- valign="top"
| [[CoffeeScript]]
| <code>if ''condition'' then ''expression «'' «else ''expression»''</code><br />or<br /><code>if ''condition{{indent|2}}expression''<br />«''else''{{indent|2}}''expression»''</code><br />or<br /><code>''expression'' if ''condition''</code><br />or<br /><code>unless ''condition''{{indent|2}}''expression''<br />«''else''{{indent|2}}''expression»''</code><br />or<br /><code>''expression'' unless ''condition''</code>
| <code>if ''condition'' then ''expression'' else if ''condition'' then ''expression «'' «else ''expression»''</code><br />or<br /><code>if ''condition''{{indent|2}}''expression''<br />''else if ''condition{{indent|2}}expression''<br />«''else''{{indent|2}}''expression»''</code><br />or<br /><code>unless ''condition''{{indent|2}}''expression''<br />''else unless ''condition{{indent|2}}expression''<br />«''else''{{indent|2}}''expression»''</code>
| <code>switch ''expression''{{indent|2}}''when ''condition'' then ''expression''{{indent|2}}''else ''expression''</code><br />or<br /><code>switch ''expression''{{indent|2}}''when ''condition''{{indent|4}}''expression''{{indent|2}}«''else''{{indent|4}}''expression»''</code>
| All conditions are expressions.
|- valign="top"
| [[COBOL]]
| <code>IF ''condition «'' «THEN''»{{indent|2}}''expression''<br />«''ELSE''{{indent|2}}''expression»''.</code>{{ref|COBOL END-IF|[d]}}
|
| <code>EVALUATE ''expression «'' «ALSO ''expression...''»{{indent|2}}''WHEN ''case-or-condition «'' «ALSO ''case-or-condition...»{{indent|4}}expression{{indent|2}}...''{{indent|2}}«''WHEN OTHER''{{indent|4}}''expression''»<br />''END-EVALUATE</code>
|
|- valign="top"
| [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]
| <code>if ''condition'' {'' {{indent|2}}''expression''<br />''}« else {'' {{indent|2}}''expression''<br />''}''»''</code>
| <code>if ''condition'' {'' {{indent|2}}''expression''<br />''} else if ''condition'' {''{{indent|2}}expression<br />''}« else {''{{indent|2}}expression<br />''}''»''</code>
| <code>match ''variable'' {'' {{indent|2}}''pattern1'' => ''expression,''{{indent|2}}''pattern2'' => ''expression,''{{indent|2}}''pattern3'' => ''expression,''{{indent|2}}«''_ => ''expression''»<br />''}</code>{{ref|pattern matching|[b]}}{{ref|Rust match expression|[e]}}
| All conditions are expressions
|- valign="top"
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* {{note|Fortran label|b}} label must be a number between 1 and 99999.
 
== [[Subroutine|FunctionsFunction]]s ==
 
See [[Reflection (computer science)|reflection]] for calling and declaring functions by strings.
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|- valign="top"
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]]<ref name="Ada_RM_2012" />
| <code>foo '' «(parameters)»''</code>
| <code>procedure foo ''«(parameters)»'' is begin ''statements'' end ''foo''</code>
| <code>function foo ''«(parameters)»'' return ''type'' is begin ''statements'' end ''foo''</code>
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| [[ALGOL 68]]
| <code>foo''«(parameters)»;''</code>
| <code>proc foo ''= «(parameters)»'' [[void type|void]]: ( '' instructions '' );''</code>
| <code>proc foo ''= «(parameters)»'' rettype'': ( '' instructions ...; retvalue '' );''</code>
| {{n/a}}
|- valign="top"
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| [[C (programming language)|C]] ([[C99]])
| rowspan=9| <code>foo(''«parameters»'')</code>
| rowspan="5" | <code>[[void type|void]] foo(''«parameters»'') { '' instructions '' }</code>
| rowspan="5" | <code>''type'' foo(''«parameters»'') { '' instructions ...'' return ''value''; }</code>
| rowspan=3| <code>''«global declarations»''<br />''int main(''«''int argc, char *argv[]''»'') {''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''}</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Objective-C]]
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|- valign="top"
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
| <code>public static void main(String[] args) { '' instructions '' }</code><br />or<br /><code>public static void main(String[[variadic function|...]] args) { '' instructions '' }</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[D (programming language)|D]]
| <code>int main(''«''char[][] args''»'') { '' instructions''}</code><br />or<br /><code>int main(''«''string[] args''»'') { '' instructions''}</code><br />or<br /><code>void main(''«''char[][] args''»'') { '' instructions''}</code><br />or<br /><code>void main(''«''string[] args''»'') { '' instructions''}</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
| Same as above; alternatively, if only one statement:
<code>[[void type|void]] foo(''«parameters»'') => '' statement'';</code>
| Same as above; alternatively, if simple enough to be an expression:
<code>[[void type|void]] foo(''«parameters»'') => '' expression'';</code>
| <code>static void Main(''«''string[] args''»'') method_body</code><br />May instead return {{code|int}}.<br />(starting with C# 7.1:) May return {{code|Task}} or {{code|Task<int>}}, and if so, may be {{code|async}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[Javascript]]
| <code>function foo(''«parameters»'') { '' instructions '' }</code><br />or<br /><code>var foo = function (''«parameters»'') { '' instructions '' }</code><br />or<br /><code>var foo = new Function (''"«parameter»"'', '' ...'', '' "«last parameter»" '' "''instructions''");</code>
| <code>function foo(''«parameters»'') { '' instructions ...'' return ''value''; }</code>
| {{n/a}}
|- valign="top"
| [[Go (programming language)|Go]]
| <code>func foo(''«parameters»'') { '' instructions '' }</code>
| <code>func foo(''«parameters»'') '' type '' { '' instructions ...'' return ''value '' }</code>
| <code>func main() { '' instructions '' }</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]
| <code>func foo(''«parameters»'') { '' instructions '' }</code>
| <code>func foo(''«parameters»'') -> '' type '' { '' instructions ...'' return ''value '' }</code>
| {{n/a}}
|- valign="top"
| [[Common Lisp]]
| rowspan=3| <code>(foo '' «parameters»'')</code>
| <code>([[defun]] foo (''«parameters»'')''{{indent|2}}''instructions'')</code><br />or<br /><code>(setf (symbol-function <nowiki>'</nowiki>''symbol'')''{{indent|2}}''function'')</code>
| <code>([[defun]] foo (''«parameters»'')''{{indent|2}}''...{{indent|2}}value'')</code>
| rowspan=3 {{n/a}}
|- valign="top"
| [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]
| <code>(define (foo '' parameters'') ''instructions'')</code><br />or<br /><code>(define foo ([[anonymous function|lambda]] (''parameters'') ''instructions''))</code>
| <code>(define (foo '' parameters'') ''instructions... return_value'')</code><br />or<br /><code>(define foo ([[anonymous function|lambda]] (''parameters'') ''instructions... return_value''))</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[ISLISP]]
| <code>([[defun]] foo (''«parameters»'')''{{indent|2}}''instructions'')</code>
| <code>([[defun]] foo (''«parameters»'')''{{indent|2}}''...{{indent|2}}value'')</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]
| <code>foo''«''(''parameters'')''»''</code>
| <code>procedure foo''«''(''parameters'')''»''; ''«''forward;''»{{ref|forward declaration|[a]}}<br />«''label''{{indent|2}}''label declarations''»<br />«''const''{{indent|2}}''constant declarations''»<br />«''type''{{indent|2}}''type declarations''»<br />«''var''{{indent|2}}''variable declarations»<br />«local function declarations»''<br />''begin''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''end;</code>
| <code>function foo''«''(''parameters'')''»'': '' type'';'' «''forward;''»{{ref|forward declaration|[a]}}<br />«''label''{{indent|2}}''label declarations''»<br />«''const''{{indent|2}}''constant declarations''»<br />«''type''{{indent|2}}''type declarations''»<br />«''var''{{indent|2}}''variable declarations»<br />«local function declarations»''<br />''begin''{{indent|2}}''instructions'';{{indent|2}}foo := '' value''<br />''end;</code>
| <code>program ''name'';''<br />«''label''{{indent|2}}''label declarations''»<br />«''const''{{indent|2}}''constant declarations''»<br />«''type''{{indent|2}}''type declarations''»<br />«''var''{{indent|2}}''variable declarations»<br />«function declarations»''<br />''begin''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''end.</code> <!-- somewhat of a technicality -->
|- valign="top"
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
| rowspan=3| <code>Foo(''«parameters»'')</code>
| rowspan=3| <code>Sub Foo''«''(''parameters'')''»{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''End Sub</code>
| <code>Function Foo''«''(''parameters'')''»«'' As'' type»''{{indent|2}}''instructions''{{indent|2}}''Foo = '' value''<br />''End Function</code>
| <code>Sub Main()''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''End Sub</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Visual Basic .NET]]
| rowspan=2| Same as above; alternatively:
<code>Function Foo''«''(''parameters'')''»«'' As '' type»''{{indent|2}}''instructions''{{indent|2}}Return ''Returnvalue'' value<br />''End Function</code><br />The {{code|As}} clause is not required if {{code|Option Strict}} is off. A type character may be used instead of the {{code|As}} clause.<br />If control exits the function without a return value having been explicitly specified, the function returns the default value for the return type.
| rowspan=2| <code>Sub Main(''««''ByVal ''»''args() As String''»'')''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''End Sub</code>or<br /><code>Function Main(''««''ByVal ''»''args() As String''»'') As Integer'' {{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''End Function</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Xojo]]
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| [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
| <code>foo(''«parameters»'')</code>
| <code>def foo(''«parameters»''):''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''</code>
| <code>def foo(''«parameters»''):''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''return ''value''</code>
| {{n/a}}
|- valign="top"
| [[S-Lang (programming language)|S-Lang]]
| <code>foo(''«parameters» «;qualifiers»'')</code>
| <code>define foo (''«parameters»'') { '' instructions '' }</code>
| <code>define foo (''«parameters»'') { '' instructions ...'' return '' value''; }</code>
| <code>public define slsh_main () { '' instructions '' }</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Fortran]]
| <code>foo (''«arguments»'')<br />CALL sub_foo (''«arguments»'')</code>{{ref|Fortran arguments|[c]}}
| <code>SUBROUTINE sub_foo (''«arguments»'')''{{indent|2}}''instructions<br />''END SUBROUTINE</code>{{ref|Fortran arguments|[c]}}
| <code>''type '' FUNCTION foo (''«arguments»'')''{{indent|2}}''instructions''{{indent|2}}''...''{{indent|2}}''foo'' = ''value''<br />''END FUNCTION</code>{{ref|Fortran arguments|[c]}}
| <code>PROGRAM '' main''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''END PROGRAM</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]]
| <code>''«parameters» ''FOO</code>
| <code>: FOO'' «'' stack effect comment: ('' before'' -- ) ''»{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />'';</code>
| <code>: FOO'' «'' stack effect comment: ('' before'' -- ''after'' ) ''»{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />'';</code>
| {{n/a}}
|- valign="top"
| [[PHP]]
| <code>foo(''«parameters»'')</code>
| <code>function foo(''«parameters»'') { '' instructions '' }</code>
| <code>function foo(''«parameters»'') { '' instructions '' ... return '' value''; }</code>
| rowspan=4 {{n/a}}
|- valign="top"
| [[Perl]]
| <code>foo(''«parameters»'')</code><br />or<br /><code>&foo''«''(''parameters'')''»''</code>
| <code>sub foo {'' «''my (''parameters'') = @_;» ''» instructions ''}</code>
| <code>sub foo {'' «''my (''parameters'') = @_;''» ''instructions''...'' «''return''» ''value''; }</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Raku (programming language)|Raku]]
| <code>foo(''«parameters»'')</code><br />or<br /><code>&foo''«''(''parameters'')''»''</code>
| <code>''«''multi ''»''sub foo(''parameters'') { '' instructions '' }</code>
| <code>''«''our ''«type» »«''multi ''»''sub foo(''parameters'') { ''instructions instructions''...'' «''return» ''» value''; }</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
| <code>foo''«''(''parameters'')''»''</code>
| <code>def foo''«''(''parameters'')''»{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''end</code>
| <code>def foo''«''(''parameters'')''»{{indent|2}}''instructions''{{indent|2}}«return» ''returnvalue''» value<br />''end</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]
Line 2,760:
| <code>fn foo(''«parameters»'') { ''instructions'' }</code>
| <code>fn foo(''«parameters»'') -> ''type'' { ''instructions'' }</code>
| <code>fn main() { '' instructions '' }</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]
| <code>''foo''«''(''parameters'')''»''</code>
| <code>def ''foo''«''(''parameters'')''»«'': Unit =''»'' { ''instructions'' }</code>
| <code>def ''foo''«''(''parameters'')''»«'': ''type»'' = { ''instructions ...'' «''return» ''» value'' }</code>
| <code>def main(args: Array[String]) { '' instructions '' }</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Windows PowerShell]]
| <code>foo '' «parameters»''</code>
| <code>function ''foo'' { '' instructions '' };</code><br />''or''<br /><code>function ''foo {'' { «''param(''parameters'')''» instructions ''}instructions'' }</code>
| <code>function ''foo'' «''(''parameters'')''»'' { {'' instructions …...'' return '' value '' };</code><br />or<br /><code>function foo {'' «''param(''parameters'')''» '' instructions ...''… ''return '' value '' }</code>
| rowspan=4 {{n/a}}
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=2| [[Bash shell]]
| rowspan=2| <code>foo '' «parameters»''</code>
| <code>function foo {''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br />''}</code><br />or<br /><code>foo () {''{{indent|2}}''instructions''<br /> ''}</code>
| <code>function foo {''{{indent|2}}''instructions''{{indent|2}}''return ''«exit_code»''<br />''}</code><br />or<br /><code>foo () {'' {{indent|2}}''instructions''{{indent|2}}''return ''«exit_code»''<br /> ''}</code>
|- valign="top"
| colspan=2|
 
* parameters
** <code>$''n''</code> (''$1'', '' $2'', '' $3'', ...)
** <code>$@</code> (all parameters)
** <code>$#</code> (the number of parameters)
Line 2,788:
|- valign="top"
| [[OCaml]]
| rowspan=4| <code>foo '' parameters''</code>
| rowspan=2| <code>let ''«''rec''»'' foo ''parameters'' = ''instructions''</code>
| rowspan=2| <code>let ''«''rec''»'' foo ''parameters'' = ''instructions... return_value''</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]]
Line 2,801:
|- valign="top"
| [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]]
| <code>foo ''parameters'' = do''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''</code>
| <code>foo ''parameters'' = ''return_value''</code><br />or<br /><code>foo ''parameters'' = do''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''instructions''<br />{{keypress|Tab}}''return ''value''</code>
| <code>''«''main :: IO ()''»<br />''main = do ''instructions''</code>
|- valign="top"
| [[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]]
| <code>foo (''«parameters»'')</code>
| <code>foo (''«parameters»'')''{{indent|2}}''require''{{indent|4}}''preconditions''{{indent|2}}''do''{{indent|4}}''instructions''{{indent|2}}''ensure''{{indent|4}}''postconditions''{{indent|2}}''end</code>
| <code>foo (''«parameters»'')'': type''{{indent|2}}''require''{{indent|4}}''preconditions''{{indent|2}}''do''{{indent|4}}''instructions''{{indent|4}}''Result '':= value''{{indent|2}}''ensure''{{indent|4}}''postconditions''{{indent|2}}''end</code>
| {{ref|root class and feature|[b]}}
|- valign="top"
Line 2,814:
| <code>foo()</code>
| <code>foo = <nowiki>-></nowiki></code>
| <code>foo = <nowiki>-></nowiki> '' value''</code>
| rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|- valign="top"
| <code>foo '' parameters''</code>
| <code>foo = <nowiki>() -></nowiki></code>
| <code>foo = ( ''parameters'' ) <nowiki>-></nowiki> ''value''</code>
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=2 | [[COBOL]]
| <code>CALL "''foo''" ''«''USING ''parameters»{{indent|2}}«exception-handling»<br />«''END-CALL''»''</code>{{ref|COBOL calling programs|[d]}}
| <code>''«''IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.''»<br />''PROGRAM-ID. ''foo''.''<br />«other divisions...»<br />''PROCEDURE DIVISION ''«''USING ''parameters»''.''{{indent|2}}instructions''.</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>''«''IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.''»<br />''PROGRAM-ID''/''FUNCTION-ID. ''foo''.''<br />«''other divisions...''»<br />''DATA DIVISION.''<br />«''other sections...''»<br />''LINKAGE SECTION.''<br />«''parameter definitions...''»<br />''variable-to-return definition''<br />«''other sections...''»<br />''PROCEDURE DIVISION ''«''USING ''parameters»'' RETURNING ''variable-to-return''.''{{indent|2}}''instructions''.</code>
| rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|-
| <code>''«''FUNCTION» ''» foo«(«parameters»)»''</code>
| {{n/a}}
|}
Line 2,838:
== [[Type conversion]]s{{anchor|Data conversions}} ==
 
Where '' string '' is a signed decimal number:
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
Line 2,882:
| <code>''long'' = [[atol (programming)|atol]](''string'');</code>
| <code>''float'' = [[atof]](''string'');</code>
| <code>[[sprintf]](''string'', "%i", '' integer'');</code>
| <code>[[sprintf]](''string'', "%f", '' float'');</code>
|-
| [[Objective-C]]
| <code>''integer'' = [''string '' intValue];</code>
| <code>''long'' = [''string '' longLongValue];</code>
| <code>''float'' = [''string '' doubleValue];</code>
| <code>''string'' = [NSString stringWithFormat<wbr/>:@"%i", '' integer''];</code>
| <code>''string'' = [NSString stringWithFormat<wbr/>:@"%f", '' float''];</code>
|-
| [[C++]] (STL)
| colspan=3| <code>''«''std::''»''istringstream(''string'') >> '' number;''</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''«''std::''»''ostringstream '' o''; ''o '' << '' number''; '' string'' = '' o''.str();</code>
|-
| [[C++11]]
Line 2,906:
| <code>''long'' = long.Parse<wbr/>(''string'');</code>
| <code>''float'' = float.Parse<wbr/>(''string'');</code><code>''double'' = double.Parse<wbr />(''string'');</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''string'' = '' number''<wbr/>.ToString();</code>
|-
| [[D (programming language)|D]]
Line 2,916:
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
| <code>''integer'' = Integer.parseInt<wbr/>(''string'');</code>
| <code>''long '' = Long.parseLong<wbr/>(''string'');</code>
| <code>''float '' = Float.parseFloat<wbr/>(''string'');</code><br /><code>''double'' = Double.parseDouble<wbr/>(''string'');</code>
| <code>''string '' = Integer.toString<wbr/>(''integer'');</code><br /><code>''string '' = String.valueOf<wbr />(''integer'');</code>
| <code>''string '' = Float.toString<wbr/>(''float'');</code><br /><code>''string '' = Double.toString<wbr />(''double'');</code>
|-
| [[Javascript]]{{ref|JavaScript's technicalities|[a]}}
| colspan=2| <code>''integer'' = parseInt(''string'');</code>
| <code>''float'' = parseFloat(''string'');</code><br /><code>''float '' = new Number (''string'');</code><br /><code>''float '' = Number (''string'');</code><br /><code>''float'' = +''string;''</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''string '' = '' number''.toString ();</code><br /><code>''string'' = String (''number'');</code><br /><code>''string '' = '' number''+"";</code><br /><code>''string '' = `${''number''}`</code>
|-
| [[Go (programming language)|Go]]
| <code>''integer'', ''error'' = strconv.Atoi(''string'')''<br />''integer'', ''error'' = strconv.ParseInt<wbr/>(''string'', 10, 0)</code>
| <code>''long'', ''error'' = strconv.ParseInt<wbr/>(''string'', 10, 64)</code>
| <code>''float'', ''error'' = strconv.ParseFloat<wbr/>(''string'', 64)</code>
Line 2,941:
|-
| [[Common Lisp]]
| colspan=2| <code>(setf ''integer'' (parse-integer '' string''))</code>
| <code>(setf ''float'' (read-from-string '' string''))</code>
| colspan=2| <code>(setf ''string'' (princ-to-string '' number''))</code>
|-
| [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]
| colspan=3| <code>(define ''number'' (string->number '' string''))</code>
| colspan=2| <code>(define ''string'' (number->string '' number''))</code>
|-
| [[ISLISP]]
| colspan=2| <code>(setf ''integer'' (convert '' string '' &lt;integer&gt;))</code>
| <code>(setf ''float'' (convert '' string '' &lt;float&gt;))</code>
| colspan=2| <code>(setf ''string'' (convert '' number '' &lt;string&gt;))</code>
|-
| Pascal <!-- Pascal or Delphi? -->
Line 2,962:
|-
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
| <code>''integer '' = CInt(''string'')</code>
| <code>''long '' = CLng(''string'')</code>
| <code>''float '' = CSng(''string'')''<br />;;double'' = CDbl(''string'')</code>
| <code>''string '' = CStr(''number'')</code>
|
|-
Line 2,975:
|-
| [[Xojo]]
| <code>''integer '' = Val(''string'')</code>
| <code>''long '' = Val(''string'')</code>
| <code>''double '' = Val(''string'')</code><br /><code>''double '' = CDbl(''string'')</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''string '' = CStr(''number'') ''or''</code><br />or<br /><code>''string '' = Str(''number'')</code>
|-
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
| <code>''integer '' = int(''string'')</code>
| <code>''long '' = long(''string'')</code>
| <code>''float '' = float(''string'')</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''string '' = str(''number'')</code>
|-
| [[S-Lang (programming language)|S-Lang]]
| <code>''integer '' = [[atoi]](''string'');</code>
| <code>''long '' = [[atol (programming)|atol]](''string'');</code>
| <code>''float '' = [[atof]](''string'');</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''string '' = string(''number'');</code>
|-
| [[Fortran]]
| colspan=3| <code>READ(''string'',''format'') '' number''</code>
| colspan=2| <code>WRITE(''string'',''format'') '' number''</code>
|-
| [[PHP]]
| colspan=2| <code>''integer'' = intval(''string'');</code><br ''/>or''<br /code><code>''integer'' = (int)''string'';</code>
| <code>''float'' = floatval(''string'');</code><br /><code>''float'' = (float)''string'';</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''string'' = "''$number''"; ''or''</code><br />or<br /><code>''string'' = strval(''number'');</code><br />or<br /><code>''string'' = (string)''number'';</code>
|-
| [[Perl]]{{ref|Perl's technicalities|[b]}}
Line 3,010:
|-
| [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
| colspan=2| <code>''integer'' = ''string''.to_i ''or''</code><br />or<br /><code>''integer'' = Integer(''string'')</code>
| <code>''float'' = ''string''.to_f</code><br /><code>''float'' = Float(''string'')</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''string'' = ''number''.to_s</code>
Line 3,018:
| <code>''long'' = ''string''.toLong</code>
| <code>''float'' = ''string''.toFloat</code><code>''double'' = ''string''.toDouble</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''string'' = '' number''.toString</code>
|-
| [[Smalltalk]]
Line 3,026:
|-
| [[Windows PowerShell]]
| <code>''integer '' = [int]''string''</code>
| <code>''long '' = [long]''string''</code>
| <code>''float '' = [float]''string''</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''string '' = [string]''number'';</code><br />or<br /><code>''string '' = "''number''";</code><br />or<br /><code>''string '' = (''number'').ToString()</code>
|-
| [[OCaml]]
| <code>let ''integer '' = int_<wbr/>of_string '' string''</code>
|
| <code>let ''float '' = float_<wbr/>of_string '' string''</code>
| <code>let ''string '' = string_<wbr/>of_int '' integer''</code>
| <code>let ''string '' = string_<wbr/>of_float '' float''</code>
|-
| [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]]
| <code>let ''integer '' = int '' string''</code>
| <code>let ''integer '' = int64 '' string''</code>
| <code>let ''float '' = float '' string''</code>
| colspan=2| <code>let ''string '' = string '' number''</code>
|-
| [[Standard ML]]
| <code>val ''integer '' = Int<wbr/>.fromString '' string''</code>
|
| <code>val ''float '' = Real<wbr/>.fromString '' string''</code>
| <code>val ''string '' = Int<wbr/>.toString '' integer''</code>
| <code>val ''string '' = Real<wbr/>.toString '' float''</code>
|-
| [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]] ([[Glasgow Haskell Compiler|GHC]])
| colspan=3| <code>''number'' = read '' string''</code>
| colspan=2| <code>''string'' = show '' number''</code>
|-
| [[COBOL]]
| colspan=3 | <code>MOVE ''«''FUNCTION''»'' NUMVAL(''string'')''{{ref|COBOL's NUMVAL alternatives|[c]}}'' TO ''number''</code>
| colspan=2 | <code>MOVE ''number'' TO ''numeric-edited''</code>
|-
Line 3,081:
| <code>Get (''x'')</code>
| <code>Put (''x'')</code>
| <code>Put (Standard_Error, '' x'')</code>
|-
| [[ALGOL 68]]
| <code>readf((''$format$'', '' x''));</code><br />or<br /><code>getf(stand in, (''$format$'', '' x''));</code>
| <code>[[printf]]((''$format$'', '' x''));</code><br />or<br /><code>putf(stand out, (''$format$'', '' x''));</code>
| <code>putf(stand error, (''$format$'', '' x''));</code>{{ref|ALGOL Unformatted|[a]}}
|-
| [[APL (programming language)|APL]]
Line 3,094:
|-
| [[C (programming language)|C]] ([[C99]])
| <code>[[scanf]](''format'', &''x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>[[fscanf]](stdin, '' format'', &''x'');</code>{{ref|more c input|[b]}}
| <code>[[printf]]('' format'', '' x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>[[fprintf]](stdout, '' format'', '' x'');</code>{{ref|more c output|[c]}}
| <code>[[fprintf]](stderr, '' format'', '' x '');</code>{{ref|more c error output|[d]}}
|-
| [[Objective-C]]
Line 3,104:
|-
| [[C++]]
| <code>''[[iostream|«''std::''»''cin'']]'' >> ''x'';</code><br />or<br /><code>''«''std::''»''getline(''«''std::''»''cin, '' str'');</code>
| <code>''[[iostream|«''std::''»''cout'']]'' << ''x'';</code>
| <code>''[[iostream|«''std::''»''cerr'']]'' << ''x'';</code><br />or<br /><code>''[[iostream|«''std::''»''clog'']]'' << ''x'';</code>
|-
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
| <code>''x '' = Console.Read();</code><br />or<br /><code>''x '' = Console.ReadLine();</code>
| <code>Console.Write(''«format'','' »''x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>Console.WriteLine(''«format'','' »''x'');</code>
| <code>Console.Error<wbr/>.Write(''«format'','' »''x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>Console.Error<wbr/>.WriteLine(''«format'','' »''x'');</code>
|-
| [[D (programming language)|D]]
| <code>''x'' = ''std.stdio.readln()</code>
| <code>std.stdio.write(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>std.stdio.writeln(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>std.stdio.writef(''format'', '' x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>std.stdio.writefln(''format'', '' x'')</code>
| <code>stderr.write(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>stderr.writeln(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>std.stdio<wbr/>.writef(stderr, '' format'', '' x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>std.stdio<wbr/>.writefln(stderr, '' format'', '' x'')</code>
|-
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
| <code>''x '' = System.in.read();</code><br />or<br /><code>''x '' = new Scanner(System.in)<wbr/>.nextInt();</code><br />or<br /><code>''x '' = new Scanner(System.in)<wbr/>.nextLine();</code>
| <code>System.out.print(''x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>System.out.[[printf]](''format'', '' x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>System.out.println(''x'');</code>
| <code>System.err.print(''x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>System.err.[[printf]](''format'', '' x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>System.err.println(''x'');</code>
|-
| [[Go (programming language)|Go]]
| <code>fmt.Scan(&''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>fmt.[[Scanf]](''format'', &''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>''x ='' bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)<wbr/>.ReadString('\n')</code>
| <code>fmt.Println(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>fmt.[[Printf]](''format'', '' x'')</code>
| <code>fmt.Fprintln(os{{Not a typo|.}}Stderr, '' x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>fmt.[[Fprintf]](os{{Not a typo|.}}Stderr, '' format'', '' x'')</code>
|-
| [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]
| <code>''x'' = ''readLine()</code> (2.x)
| <code>print(''x'')</code> (2.x)<br /><code>println(''x'')</code> (1.x)
|
Line 3,144:
|-
| [[Javascript]]<br /><small>[[Windows Script Host]]</small>
| <code>''x'' = WScript.StdIn.Read(''chars'')</code><br />or<br /><code>''x '' = WScript.StdIn.ReadLine()</code>
| <code>WScript.Echo(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>WScript.StdOut.Write(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>WScript.StdOut.WriteLine(''x'')</code>
| <code>WScript.StdErr.Write(''x'')</code><br ;>or<br /><code>WScript.StdErr.WriteLine(''x'')</code>
|-
| [[Common Lisp]]
| <code>(setf '' x '' (read-line))</code>
| <code>(princ '' x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>(format t '' format x'')</code>
| <code>(princ '' x '' *error-output*)</code><br />or<br /><code>(format *error-output* '' format x'')</code>
|-
| [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]] ([[R6RS|R<sup>6</sup>RS]])
| <code>(define '' x '' (read-line))</code>
| <code>(display '' x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>(format #t '' format x'')</code>
| <code>(display '' x '' (current-error-port))</code><br />or<br /><code>(format (current-error-port) '' format x'')</code>
|-
| [[ISLISP]]
| <code>(setf '' x '' (read-line))</code>
| <code>(format (standard-output) '' format x'')</code>
| <code>(format (error-output) '' format x'')</code>
|-
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]
| <code>read(''x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>readln(''x'');</code>
| <code>write(''x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>writeln(''x'');</code>
| <code>write(stderr'', ''x'');</code><br />or<br /><code>writeln(stderr'', ''x'');</code>
|-
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
| <code>Input''« prompt'',prompt'',» ''x''</code>
| <code>Print '' x''</code><br />or<br /><code>? '' x''</code>
| {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Visual Basic .NET]]
| <code>''x '' = Console.Read()</code><br />or<br /><code>''x '' = Console.ReadLine()</code>
| <code>Console.Write(''«format'',»'' »x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>Console.WriteLine(''«format'','' »''x'')</code>
| <code>Console.Error<wbr/>.Write(''«format'', '' »x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>Console.Error<wbr/>.WriteLine(''«format'','' »''x'')</code>
|-
| [[Xojo]]
| <code>''x '' = StandardInputStream.Read()</code><br />or<br /><code>''x '' = StandardInputStreame.ReadLine()</code>
| <code>StandardOutputStream.Write(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>StandardOutputStream.WriteLine(''x'')</code>
| <code>StdErr.Write(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>StdErr.WriteLine(''x'')</code>
Line 3,185:
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]] 2.x
| <code>''x'' = raw_input(''«prompt»'')</code>
| <code>print '' x''</code><br />or<br /><code>sys.stdout.write(''x'')</code>
| <code>print >> sys.stderr, '' x''</code><br />or<br /><code>sys.stderr.write(''x'')</code>
|-
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]] 3.x
| <code>''x'' = input(''«prompt»'')</code>
| <code>print(''x«'', end=""''»'')</code>
| <code>print(''x«'', end=""''»'', file=sys.stderr)</code>
|-
| [[S-Lang (programming language)|S-Lang]]
Line 3,204:
|-
| [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]]
| <code>''buffer length '' ACCEPT ''( # chars read )''<br />''KEY ''( char )''</code>
| <code>''buffer length '' TYPE''<br />''char '' EMIT</code>
| {{n/a}}
|-
| [[PHP]]
| <code>''$x '' = [[fgets]](STDIN);</code><br />or<br /><code>''$x'' = [[fscanf]](STDIN, '' format'');</code>
| <code>print '' x'';</code><br />or<br /><code>[[echo (command)|echo]] '' x'';</code><br />or<br /><code>[[printf]](''format'', '' x'');</code>
| <code>[[fprintf]](STDERR, '' format'', '' x'');</code>
|-
| [[Perl]]
| <code>''$x '' = <>;</code><br />or<br /><code>''$x '' = <STDIN>;</code>
| <code>print '' x'';</code><br />or<br /><code>[[printf]] '' format'', '' x'';</code>
| <code>print STDERR '' x'';</code><br />or<br /><code>[[printf]] STDERR '' format'', '' x'';</code>
|-
| [[Raku (programming language)|Raku]]
| <code>''$x '' = $*IN.get;</code>
| <code>''x''.print</code><br />or<br /><code>''x''.say</code>
| <code>''x''.note</code><br />or<br /><code>$*ERR.print(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>$*ERR.say(''x'')</code>
|-
| [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
| <code>''x '' = gets</code>
| <code>puts'' x''</code><br />or<br /><code>[[printf]](''format'', '' x'')</code>
| <code>$stderr.puts(''x'')</code><br />or<br /><code>$stderr.[[printf]](''format'', '' x'')</code>
|-
| [[Windows PowerShell]]
| <code>''$x'' = Read-Host''«« ''-Prompt» ''» text»''»;</code><br />or<br /><code>''$x '' = [Console]::Read();</code><br />or<br /><code>''$x '' = [Console]::ReadLine()</code>
| <code>''x'';</code><br />or<br /><code>Write-Output '' x'';</code><br />or<br /><code>echo '' x''</code>
| <code>Write-Error '' x''</code>
|-
| [[OCaml]]
| <code>let '' x '' = read_int ()</code><br />or<br /><code>let '' str '' = read_line ()</code><br />or<br /><code>Scanf.[[scanf]] ''format'' (fun '' x ... '' <nowiki>-></nowiki> '' ...'')</code>
| <code>print_int '' x''</code><br />or<br /><code>print_endline '' str''</code><br />or<br /><code>Printf.[[printf]] '' format x ...''</code>
| <code>prerr_int '' x''</code><br />or<br /><code>prerr_endline '' str''</code><br />or<br /><code>Printf.[[fprintf|eprintf]] '' format x ...''</code>
|-
| [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]]
| <code>let '' x '' = System.Console<wbr/>.ReadLine()</code>
| <code>[[printf]] '' format x ...''</code><br />or<br /><code>[[printf]]n '' format x ...''</code>
| <code>[[fprintf|eprintf]] '' format x ...''</code><br />or<br /><code>[[fprintf|eprintf]]n '' format x ...''</code>
|-
| [[Standard ML]]
| <code>val '' str '' = TextIO.inputLIne TextIO.stdIn</code>
| <code>print '' str''</code>
| <code>TextIO.output (TextIO.stdErr,'' str'')</code>
|-
| [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]] ([[Glasgow Haskell Compiler|GHC]])
| <code>''x '' <- readLn</code><br />or<br /><code>''str '' <nowiki><-</nowiki> getLine</code>
| <code>print '' x''</code><br />or<br /><code>putStrLn '' str''</code>
| <code>hPrint stderr '' x''</code><br />or<br /><code>hPutStrLn stderr '' str''</code>
|-
| [[COBOL]]
| <code>ACCEPT '' x''</code>
| <code>DISPLAY '' x''</code>
|
|-
Line 3,261:
 
* {{note|ALGOL Unformatted|a}} ALGOL 68 additionally as the "unformatted" [[transput]] routines: <code>read</code>, <code>write</code>, <code>get</code>, and <code>put</code>.
* {{note|more c input|b}} <code>[[gets()|gets]](x)</code> and <code>[[fgets]](x, '' length'', stdin)</code> read unformatted text from stdin. Use of gets is not recommended.
* {{note|more c input|c}} <code>[[puts (C)|puts]](x)</code> and <code>[[fputs]](x, stdout)</code> write unformatted text to stdout.
* {{note|more c error output|d}} <code>fputs(x, stderr)</code> writes unformatted text to stderr
Line 3,296:
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
| rowspan=2| <code>args.length</code>
| <!-- same as name of class containing '' main() '' --> <!-- not sure if that would yield the name of the exe/binary file of the program -->
|-
| [[D (programming language)|D]]
Line 3,304:
| <code>WScript.Arguments(''n'')</code>
| <code>WScript.Arguments.length</code>
| <code>WScript.ScriptName''</code><br />or<br ''/><code>WScript.ScriptFullName</code>
|-
| [[Go (programming language)|Go]]
Line 3,367:
|-
| [[Fortran]]
| <code>DO '' i '' = '' 1'',''argc''{{indent|2}}''CALL GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT (''i'',''argv(i)'')''<br />''ENDDO</code>
| <code>''argc '' = COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT ()</code>
| <code>CALL GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT (''0'',''progname'')</code>
|-
Line 3,377:
|-
| [[Bash shell]]
| <code>$''n'' (''$1'','' $2'','' $3, '', ...)'')</code><br /><code>$@</code> (all arguments)
| <code>$#</code>
| <code>$0</code>
Line 3,412:
|-
| [[Standard ML]]
| <code>List.nth (CommandLine<wbr/>.arguments (), '' n'')</code>
| <code>length (CommandLine<wbr/>.arguments ())</code>
| <code>CommandLine.name ()</code>
Line 3,468:
|-
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
| <code>Interaction.Shell(''command «'' «,&nbsp;''WindowStyle''» «'',&nbsp;''isWaitOnReturn»''»)</code>
|
|
|-
| [[Visual Basic .NET]]
| <code>Microsoft.VisualBasic<wbr/>.Interaction.Shell(''command «'' «,&nbsp;''WindowStyle''» «'',&nbsp;''isWaitOnReturn»''»)</code>
| <code>System.Diagnostics<wbr/>.Process.Start(''path'', ''argstring'')</code>
|
|-
| [[Xojo]]
| <code>Shell.Execute(''command «'' «,&nbsp;''Parameters»''»)</code>
| <code>FolderItem.Launch(''parameters'', ''activate'')</code>
| {{n/a}}
Line 3,493:
|-
| [[Javascript]]<br /><small>[[Windows Script Host]] implementation</small>
| <code>WScript.CreateObject ("WScript.Shell").Run(''command «'' «,&nbsp;''WindowStyle''» «'',&nbsp;''isWaitOnReturn»''»);</code>
| <code>WshShell.Exec(command)</code>
|
|-
| [[Common Lisp]]
| <code>(uiop:run-program '' command'')</code>
|
|
|-
| [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]
| <code>(system '' command'')</code>
|
|
Line 3,518:
|-
| [[OCaml]]
| <code>Sys.command '' command,'' Unix.open_process_full ''command env (stdout, stdin, stderr),...''</code>
| <code>Unix.create_process '' prog args new_stdin new_stdout new_stderr, ...''</code>
| <code>Unix.execv '' prog args''</code><br />or<br /><code>Unix.execve '' prog args env''</code>
|-
| [[Standard ML]]
| <code>OS.Process.system '' command''</code>
| <code>Unix.execute (''path'', '' args'')</code>
| <code>Posix.Process.exec (''path'', '' args'')</code>
|-
| [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]] ([[Glasgow Haskell Compiler|GHC]])
| <code>System.system '' command''</code>
| <code>System.Process<wbr/>.runProcess '' path args ...''</code>
| <code>Posix.Process<wbr/>.executeFile ''path'' True ''args ...''</code>
|-
Line 3,549:
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
| <code>os.system(''command'')</code><br />or<br /><code>subprocess.Popen(''command'')</code>
| <code>subprocess.call(''["program", "arg1", "arg2", …...]'')</code>
| <code>os.execv(''path'', ''args'')</code>
|-
Line 3,564:
| [[Windows PowerShell]]
| {{code|[Diagnostics.Process]::Start(command)|ps1}}
| <code>''«''Invoke-Item »''»program arg1 arg2 …...''</code>
|
|-
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