Architecture of macOS: Difference between revisions

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===Mac OS X===

[[File:Diagram of Mac OS X architecture.svg|thumb|400px|A diagram of the Mac OS X architecture]]

At the 1998 [[Worldwide Developers Conference]] (WWDC), Apple announced a move that was intended as a response to complaints from Macintosh software developers who were not happy with the two options (Yellow Box and Blue Box) available in Rhapsody. Mac OS X would add another developer [[API]] to the existing ones in Rhapsody. Key APIs from the [[Macintosh Toolbox]] would be implemented in Mac OS X to run directly on the BSD layers of the operating system instead of in the emulated Macintosh layer. This modified interface, called [[Carbon (API)|Carbon]], would eliminate approximately 2000 troublesome API calls (of about 8000 total) and replace them with calls compatible with a modern OS.<ref name="anguish99summary">{{cite web | url=http://www.stepwise.com/SpecialCoverage/WWDC98/Summary.html | title=WWDC 98 Summary | author=Scott Anguish | date=May 1998 | publisher=stepwise.com | access-date=2006-10-13}} {{Dead link| archive-date=October2021-12-31 2010|bot archive-url=H3llBothttps://web.archive.org/web/20211231093640/http://www.stepwise.com/SpecialCoverage/WWDC98/Summary.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

At the same conference, Apple announced that the Mach side of the kernel had been updated with sources from the [[OSFMK]] 7.3 (Open Source Foundation Mach Kernel)<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggnFoDqzGMU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/ggnFoDqzGMU |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|last=Magee |first=Jim |title=WWDC 2000 Session 106 – Mac OS X: Kernel|minutes=14}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and the BSD side of the kernel had been updated with sources from the [[FreeBSD]], [[NetBSD]] and [[OpenBSD]] projects.<ref name="anguish99summary" /> They also announced a new driver model called I/O Kit, intended to replace the Driver Kit used in NeXTSTEP citing Driver Kit's lack of power management and hot-swap capabilities and its lack of automatic configuration capability.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.stepwise.com/SpecialCoverage/WWDC98/Thursday-IOKit.html | title=Rhapsody Core OS: Intro to the I/O Driver Architecture | author=Scott Anguish | date=1998-05-14 | publisher=stepwise.com | access-date=2006-10-13 }}| {{Deadarchive-date=2021-12-31 link|date archive-url=Octoberhttps://web.archive.org/web/20211231093640/http://www.stepwise.com/SpecialCoverage/WWDC98/Thursday-IOKit.html 2010|bot url-status=H3llBotdead }}</ref>

At the 1999 WWDC, Apple revealed [[Quartz (graphics layer)|Quartz]], a new [[Portable Document Format]] (PDF) based windowing system for the operating system that was not encumbered with licensing fees to [[Adobe Systems|Adobe]] like the Display PostScript windowing system of NeXTSTEP. Apple also announced that the Yellow Box layer had been renamed [[Cocoa (API)|Cocoa]] and began to move away from their commitment to providing the Yellow Box on Windows. At this WWDC, Apple also showed Mac OS X booting off of a [[HFS Plus]] formatted drive for the first time.