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Windows Explorer, which has been renamed as File Explorer, now incorporates a [[Ribbon (computing)|ribbon]] toolbar, designed to bring forward the most commonly used commands for easy access. The "Up" button (which advances the user back a level in the folder hierarchy) that was removed from Explorer after [[Windows XP]] has also been restored.<ref name="Explorer Improvements">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/08/29/improvements-in-windows-explorer.aspx |title=Improvements in Windows Explorer |publisher=Microsoft |date=August 2011 |access-date=August 30, 2011 |archive-date=November 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107021845/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/08/29/improvements-in-windows-explorer.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, File Explorer features a redesigned preview pane that takes advantage of widescreen layouts.<ref name="Explorer Improvements" /> File Explorer also provides a built-in function for mounting [[ISO image|ISO]], [[IMG (file format)|IMG]], and [[VHD (file format)|VHD]] files as virtual drives.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accessing data in ISO and VHD files |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/08/30/accessing-data-in-iso-and-vhd-files.aspx |work=Microsoft |date=August 2011 |access-date=August 30, 2011 |archive-date=November 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106080406/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/08/30/accessing-data-in-iso-and-vhd-files.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> For easier management of files and folders, Windows 8 introduces the ability to move selected files or folders via [[drag and drop]] from a parent folder into a subfolder listed within the [[Breadcrumb (navigation)|breadcrumb]] hierarchy of the [[address bar]] in File Explorer.<ref name="DragandDrop">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyeonwindows.com/2011/04/28/windows-8-drag-and-drop-icons-into-breadcrumb-links/ |title=Windows 8 drag and drop icons into breadcrumb links |last=Amobi |first=Onuora |publisher=Nnigma Inc. |work=Eye on Windows |date=April 28, 2011 |access-date=February 21, 2015 |archive-date=February 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222050555/http://www.eyeonwindows.com/2011/04/28/windows-8-drag-and-drop-icons-into-breadcrumb-links/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Progress windows for file operations have also been redesigned; offering the ability to show multiple operations at once, a graph for tracking transfer speeds, and the ability to pause and resume a file transfer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/08/23/improving-our-file-management-basics-copy-move-rename-and-delete.aspx |title=Improving our file management basics: copy, move, rename and delete |work=Microsoft |date=August 2011 |access-date=August 30, 2011 |archive-date=February
[[Features new to Windows 7#Libraries|Libraries]], introduced in [[Windows 7]], can now have their individual icons changed through the user interface.<ref>{{cite web |first=Paul |last=Thurrott |author-link=Paul Thurrott |url=http://winsupersite.com/article/windows8/windows-8-secrets-changing-custom-library-icon-140784 |title=Windows 8 Secrets: Changing a Custom Library Icon |work=Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows |publisher=[[Penton (professional information services)|Penton Media]] |date=October 1, 2011 |access-date=June 27, 2013 |archive-date=June 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603131410/http://winsupersite.com/article/windows8/windows-8-secrets-changing-custom-library-icon-140784 |url-status=live }}</ref> Previously, users had to change icons manually by editing configuration files.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/6326/change-your-windows-7-library-icons-the-easy-way/ |title=Change Your Windows 7 Library Icons the Easy Way |work=HowToGeek.com |date=June 22, 2013 |access-date=June 27, 2013 |archive-date=July 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713220225/http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/6326/change-your-windows-7-library-icons-the-easy-way/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Windows 8.1, however, no longer creates any default libraries for new users, and does not display the Libraries listing in File Explorer by default.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thurrott|first=Paul|title=Are Libraries Going Away in Windows 8.1?|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/are-libraries-going-away-windows-81|work=Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows|publisher=[[Penton (professional information services)|Penton Media]]|author-link=Paul Thurrott|access-date=June 10, 2013|date=June 10, 2013|quote=Apparently, libraries will still be a capability of Windows 8/RT with the 8.1 update but the default libraries are no longer created when you set up a new user. You can still create custom libraries if you'd like.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613234448/http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/are-libraries-going-away-windows-81|archive-date=June 13, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Instead, Windows 8.1 introduces shortcuts to the default user profile folders (Documents, Downloads, Pictures, etc.) within the This PC ___location of File Explorer. The libraries can be enabled in the Options menu.<ref name="ThisPC">{{cite web |url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/hands-windows-81-pc |title=Hands-On with Windows 8.1: This PC |last=Thurrott |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Thurrott |date=June 26, 2013 |publisher=[[Penton]] |work=Supersite for Windows |access-date=February 23, 2015 |archive-date=March 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317224435/http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/hands-windows-81-pc |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Internet Explorer===
Windows 8 ships with [[Internet Explorer 10]], which can run as either a desktop program (where it operates similarly to [[Internet Explorer 9]]), or as an app with a new full-screen interface optimized for use on touchscreens. Internet Explorer 10 also contains an integrated version of [[Adobe Flash Player|Flash Player]], which will be available in full on the desktop, and in a limited form within the "Metro" app.<ref name="winsupersite1">{{cite web | url = http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows8/windows-8-release-preview-internet-explorer-10-143034 | work = Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows | title = Windows 8 Release Preview: Changes to Internet Explorer 10 | author = Paul Thurrott | date = May 31, 2012 | access-date = August 26, 2012 | archive-url = https://
Windows 8.1 ships with [[Internet Explorer 11]]<ref name=ars-wblue /><ref name=infoworld-bluedesktop>{{cite web |title=Windows Blue: Demise Of The Desktop? |url=http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/windows-blue-demise-of-the-desktop/240151656 |work=[[InfoWorld]] |publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]] |access-date=March 26, 2013 |archive-date=October 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024202043/http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/windows-blue-demise-of-the-desktop/240151656 |url-status=live }}</ref> which includes tab syncing, [[WebGL]] and [[SPDY]] support, along with expanded developer tools. The Metro version also adds access to favorites and split-screen snapping of multiple tabs;<ref name=ars-wblue /><ref name=cnet-ie11dev>{{cite web|title=Latest Windows 8.1 build beefs up IE developer tools|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57582508-75/latest-windows-8.1-build-beefs-up-ie-developer-tools/|work=CNET|access-date=May 29, 2013|archive-date=July 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727020307/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57582508-75/latest-windows-8.1-build-beefs-up-ie-developer-tools/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=verge-ie11webgl>{{cite web|title=Microsoft teases Internet Explorer 11 WebGL support on Vine|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/5/22/4355942/internet-explorer-11-webgl-support-teased-on-vine|work=The Verge|access-date=May 29, 2013|archive-date=June 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607055004/http://www.theverge.com/2013/5/22/4355942/internet-explorer-11-webgl-support-teased-on-vine|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=pt-ie11review>{{cite web|title=Hands-On with Windows 8.1: Internet Explorer 11|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/hands-windows-81-internet-explorer-11|work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows|access-date=September 16, 2013|archive-date=September 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922052915/http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/hands-windows-81-internet-explorer-11|url-status=live}}</ref> an additional option to always display the address bar and tabs is also available.<ref name="ShowAddressBarTabs">{{cite web |url=http://www.eightforums.com/tutorials/32039-internet-explorer-11-modern-show-address-bar-tabs.html |title=Internet Explorer 11 Modern - Show Address Bar and Tabs |last=Brink |first=Shawn |date=September 27, 2013 |access-date=February 21, 2015 |archive-date=February 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222052403/http://www.eightforums.com/tutorials/32039-internet-explorer-11-modern-show-address-bar-tabs.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Metro version can also detect and highlight phone numbers on a web page and turn them into clickable links that, when clicked, initiate a call with a compatible app such as Skype.<ref name="PhoneNumbers">{{cite web |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dn265018(v=vs.85).aspx |title=Phone number format recognition |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=February 21, 2015 |archive-date=January 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110220129/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dn265018(v=vs.85).aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
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===File History===
'''File History''' is a [[continuous data protection]] component. File History automatically creates [[incremental backup]]s of files stored in Libraries, including those for users participating in a [[Features new to Windows 7#HomeGroup|HomeGroup]], and user-specified folders to a different storage device (such as another internal or external hard drive, Storage Space, or network share). Specific revisions of files can then be tracked and restored using the "History" functions in File Explorer. File History replaces both [[Backup and Restore]] and [[Shadow Copy]] (known in Windows Explorer as "Previous Versions") as the main backup tool of Windows 8.<ref name="File History">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/07/10/protecting-user-files-with-file-history.aspx |title=Protecting user files with File History |last=Raciborski |first=Bohdan |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=Building Windows 8 |editor-first=Steven |editor-last=Sinofsky |editor-link=Steven Sinofsky |date=July 10, 2012 |access-date=February 27, 2015 |archive-date=September 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://
===Hardware support===
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===Installation===
Alongside the existing [[WinPE]]-based [[Windows Setup]] (which is used for installations that are initiated by booting from DVD, USB, or [[Preboot Execution Environment|network]]), '''Upgrade Assistant''' is offered to provide a simpler and faster process for upgrading to Windows 8 from previous versions of Windows. The program runs a compatibility check to scan the device's hardware and software for Windows 8 compatibility, and then allows the user to purchase, download, generate installation media with a DVD or [[USB flash drive]] and install Windows 8. The new installation process also allows users to transfer user data into a clean installation of Windows.<ref name="microsoftrevealsprice">{{cite web | first=Paul | last=McDougall | url=http://www.informationweek.com/windows/microsoft-news/microsoft-reveals-windows-8-upgrade-pric/240003119 | title=Microsoft Reveals Windows 8 Upgrade Price | website=[[InformationWeek]] | publisher=[[UBM plc|UBM]] | date=July 3, 2012 | access-date=July 4, 2012 | archive-date=August 10, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810013404/http://www.informationweek.com/windows/microsoft-news/microsoft-reveals-windows-8-upgrade-pric/240003119 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=bw8-improvingsetup>{{cite web|title=Improving the setup experience|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/11/21/improving-the-setup-experience.aspx|work=Building Windows 8|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=September 18, 2012|archive-date=September
Windows 8 implements OEM Activation 3.0, which allows Microsoft to digitally distribute Windows licenses to [[original equipment manufacturer]]s (OEMs). Windows 8 devices store [[product key]]s directly in firmware rather than printed on a Certificate of Authenticity (CoA) sticker. This new system is designed to prevent OEM product keys from being used on computers they are not licensed for, and also allows the installer to automatically detect and accept the product key in the event of re-installation.<ref name=cnet-productkey>{{cite web|last=Whitney|first=Lance|title=Windows 8 moves to BIOS-based product keys|url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-33642_7-57554240-292/windows-8-moves-to-bios-based-product-keys/|work=CNET|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|access-date=November 29, 2012|archive-date=November 29, 2012|archive-url=https://
Windows 8.1 Update adds a new installation mode known as "WIMBoot", where the [[Windows Imaging Format|WIM image]] that contains the Windows installation is left compressed rather than being extracted, and the system is configured to use files directly from within the system image. This installation method was primarily designed to reduce the footprint of the Windows installation on devices with small amounts of storage. The system image also doubles as the recovery image, speeding up Refresh and Reset operations.<ref name=msdn-wimboot>{{cite web|title=What is Windows Image Boot (WIMBoot)?|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/springboard/archive/2014/04/10/what-is-windows-image-boot-wimboot.aspx|work=Springboard Series Blog|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=April 11, 2014|archive-date=April 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413124550/http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/springboard/archive/2014/04/10/what-is-windows-image-boot-wimboot.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> It is only supported in systems with a [[Unified Extensible Firmware Interface]] (UEFI), where Windows is located on a [[solid-state drive]] or [[eMMC]].<ref name=technet-wimbootoverview>{{cite web|title=Windows Image File Boot (WIMBoot) Overview|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn594399.aspx|work=TechNet|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=April 11, 2014|archive-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412001236/http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn594399.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
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Windows 8 defaults to a "hybrid boot" mode; when the operating system is shut down, it [[Hibernation (computing)|hibernates]] the [[kernel (operating system)|kernel]], allowing for a faster boot on the subsequent startup.<ref>{{cite web|title=How to, uh, turn Windows 8 off|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57389397-75/how-to-uh-turn-windows-8-off/|website=CNET|access-date=September 12, 2012|archive-date=August 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823085204/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57389397-75/how-to-uh-turn-windows-8-off/|url-status=live}}</ref> These improvements are further compounded by using all processor cores during startup by default.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.winsupersite.com/blog/supersite-blog-39/windows8/microsoft-touts-incredible-windows-8-boot-times-140515 | title=Microsoft Touts Incredible Windows 8 Boot Times | access-date=September 9, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329125702/http://www.winsupersite.com/blog/supersite-blog-39/windows8/microsoft-touts-incredible-windows-8-boot-times-140515 | archive-date=March 29, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> To create a more seamless transition between the [[Power-on self-test]] and Windows startup process, manufacturers' logos can now be shown on the Windows boot screen on compatible systems with [[UEFI]].<ref name=reengineering-boot/>
The Advanced Startup menu now uses a graphical interface with mouse and touch support in place of the text-based menu used by previous versions. As the increased boot speed of devices with UEFI can make it difficult to access it using keyboard shortcuts during boot, the menu can now be launched from within Windows—using either the PC Settings app, holding down Shift while clicking the Restart option in the Power menu, or by using the new "-o" switch on [[shutdown.exe]].<ref name=reengineering-boot>{{cite web|title=Reengineering the Windows boot experience|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/09/20/reengineering-the-windows-boot-experience.aspx|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=September 12, 2012|archive-date=May
UEFI firmware can be exposed to Windows via [[class driver]]s. Updated firmware capsules can be distributed as an update to this "[[device drivers|driver]]" in a signed package with an [[INF file]] and security catalog, similarly to those for other devices. When the "driver" is installed, Windows prepares the update to be installed on the next boot, and [[Windows Boot Manager]] renders status information on the device's boot screen.<ref name=ms-uefiplatform>{{cite web|title=Windows UEFI Firmware Update Platform|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/download/details.aspx?id=38405|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=October 9, 2013|format=[[Microsoft Word|DOCX]]|archive-date=August 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812073951/http://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/download/details.aspx?id=38405|url-status=live}}</ref>
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Windows 8 includes [[Windows Display Driver Model|WDDM]] 1.2 and [[DirectX Graphics Infrastructure]] (DXGI) 1.2. The [[Desktop Window Manager]] now runs at all times (even on systems with unsupported graphics cards; where DWM now also supports [[software rendering]]), and now also includes support for [[stereoscopy|stereoscopic 3D]] content.<ref name=dwm-alwayson>{{cite web|title=Desktop Window Manager is always on|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/hh848042%28v=vs.85%29.aspx|work=Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 Compatibility Cookbook|publisher=MSDN|access-date=September 4, 2012|archive-date=July 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728004613/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/hh848042(v=vs.85).aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
Other major features include [[preemptive multitasking]] with finer [[granularity#Computing|granularity]] ([[Direct memory access|DMA]] buffer, primitive, triangle, pixel, or instruction-level),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/hh404504 |title=DXGI_Graphics_Preemption_Granularity Enumeration |publisher=Microsoft |work=[[Microsoft Developer Network]] |date=November 16, 2013 |access-date=February 23, 2015 |archive-date=
Windows 8.1 introduces WDDM 1.3<ref name="WDDM1.3">{{cite web |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn265512%28v=vs.85%29.aspx |title=What's new for Windows 8.1 display drivers (WDDM 1.3) |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=February 21, 2015 |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113112/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn265512%28v=vs.85%29.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> and adds support for [[Miracast]], which enables wireless or wired delivery of compressed [[SD video|standard-]] or [[high-definition video]] to or from desktops, tablets, mobile phones, and other devices.<ref name="windows1"/>
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===Windows PowerShell===
{{Main|Windows PowerShell}}
Windows PowerShell is Microsoft's task automation framework, consisting of a [[command-line shell]] and associated [[scripting language]] built on .NET Framework. PowerShell provides full access to COM and WMI, enabling administrators to perform administrative tasks on both local and remote Windows systems. Windows 8 includes Windows PowerShell v3.0.<ref>{{cite web|title=Installing Windows PowerShell|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh847837.aspx|work=[[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]]|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=September 15, 2013|archive-date=September 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918031402/http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh847837.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> Windows 8.1 comes with Windows PowerShell v4.0 which features a host of new commands for managing the Start screen, Windows Defender, Windows components, hardware and network.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rivera|first=Rafael|title=Windows 8.1, PowerShell 4.0, and new cmdlets|url=http://withinwindows.com/within-windows/2013/4/7/windows-81-powershell-40-and-new-cmdlets|work=Within Windows|access-date=April 25, 2013|date=April 24, 2013|archive-date=May
===Windows To Go===
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Windows 8 can now detect when a system is experiencing issues that have been preventing the system from functioning correctly, and automatically launch the Advanced Startup menu to access diagnostic and repair functions.<ref name="bw8-bootfasterdesign"/>
For [[recovery partition|system recovery]], Windows 8 introduced new functions known collectively as "Push-button reset",<ref name=technet-wimbootoverview/> which allows a user to re-install Windows without needing to use installation media. The feature consists of "Reset" and "Refresh" functions, accessible from within the advanced boot options menu and PC Settings. Both of these options reboot the system into the [[Windows Recovery Environment]] to perform the requested operation; Refresh preserves user profiles, settings, and Windows Store apps, while Reset performs a clean installation of Windows. The reset function may also perform specialized [[disk wiping]] and [[Disk formatting|formatting]] procedures for added security. Both operations will remove all installed desktop applications from the system. Users can also create a custom disk image for use with Refresh and Reset.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/01/04/refresh-and-reset-your-pc.aspx |title=Refresh and reset your PC |work=Building Windows 8 |editor-first=Steven |editor-last=Sinofsky |first=Desmond |last=Lee |publisher=Microsoft |date=January 2012 |access-date=February 17, 2012 |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://
==Security==
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Windows 8 introduced four new features to offer security during the startup process: [[UEFI secure boot]], Trusted Boot, Measured Boot and Early Launch Anti-Malware (ELAM).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/dn168167.aspx|title = Securing the Windows 8 Boot Process|access-date = 19 December 2020|website = [[Microsoft TechNet|technet.microsoft.com]]|publisher = [[Microsoft]]|date = 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150215214312/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/dn168167.aspx|archive-date = February 15, 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn653311(v=vs.85).aspx |title=Secured Boot and Measured Boot: Hardening Early Boot Components Against Malware |website=[[Microsoft Developer Network|msdn.microsoft.com]] |date=2013 |access-date=19 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111101939/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn653311%28v=vs.85%29.aspx |archive-date=November 11, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Of the four, secure boot is not a native feature of Windows 8; it is part of [[Unified Extensible Firmware Interface|UEFI]]. At startup, the UEFI firmware checks the validity of a [[digital signature]] present in the Windows Boot Loader (bootmgfw.efi), which is signed with Microsoft's public key. This signature check happens every time the computer is booted and prevents malware from infecting the system before the operating system loads.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/09/22/protecting-the-pre-os-environment-with-uefi.aspx |title=Protecting the pre-OS environment with UEFI |website=[[Microsoft Developer Network#Blogs|blogs.msdn.com]] |last=Sinofsky |first=Steven |date=22 September 2011 |access-date=19 December 2020 |archive-url=https://
Trusted Boot is a feature of Windows boot loader and ensures the integrity of all Microsoft components loaded into memory, including ELAM, which loads last. ELAM ensures that all third-party boot drivers are trustworthy; they are not loaded if ELAM check fails. ELAM can use either Windows Defender or a third-party compatible antivirus.<ref name=":0" /> During the 2011 [[Build (developer conference)|Build conference]] in [[Anaheim, California]], Microsoft showed a Windows 8 machine that can prevent an infected [[USB flash memory]] from compromising the boot process.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.cnet.com/news/windows-8-to-offer-built-in-malware-protection/|title = Windows 8 to offer built-in malware protection|date = September 15, 2011|website = [[CNET]]|publisher = [[CBS Interactive]]|last = Whitney|first = Lance|access-date = February 16, 2015|archive-date = August 5, 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140805102618/http://www.cnet.com/news/windows-8-to-offer-built-in-malware-protection/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-8-will-ship-with-built-in-antivirus-protection/|title = Windows 8 will ship with built-in antivirus protection|date = September 13, 2011|website = [[ZDNet]]|publisher = [[CBS Interactive]]|last = Kingsley-Hughes|first = Adrian|access-date = February 16, 2015|archive-date = February 16, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150216085336/http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-8-will-ship-with-built-in-antivirus-protection/|url-status = live}}</ref>
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==Virtualization==
[[Hyper-V]], a [[Hypervisor#Classification|native hypervisor]] previously offered only in [[Windows Server]], is included in Windows 8 Pro, replacing [[Windows Virtual PC]], a [[Hypervisor#Classification|hosted hypervisor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-20103376-75/windows-8-to-include-hyper-v-virtualization/ |title=Microsoft announces Hyper-V in Windows 8 |last=Whitney |first=Lance |date=September 8, 2011 |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |work=[[CNET]] |access-date=April 23, 2015 |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://
== Storage ==
=== Storage Spaces ===
Storage Spaces is a [[storage virtualization]] technology which succeeds [[Logical Disk Manager]] and allows the organization of physical disks into logical volumes similar to [[Logical Volume Manager (Linux)]], [[RAID1]] or [[RAID5]], but at a higher abstraction level.<ref name="B8_storage_spaces">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/01/05/virtualizing-storage-for-scale-resiliency-and-efficiency.aspx|title=Virtualizing storage for scale, resiliency, and efficiency|publisher=Building Windows 8 blog|date=January 5, 2012|access-date=January 6, 2012|archive-date=May
A storage space behaves like a physical disk to the user, with [[thin provisioning]] of available disk space. The spaces are organized within a storage pool, i.e. a collection of physical disks, that can span multiple disks of different sizes, performance or technology (USB, SATA, SAS). The process of adding new disks or replacing failed or older disks is fully automatic, but can be controlled with [[PowerShell]] commands. The same storage pool can host multiple storage spaces. Storage Spaces have built-in resiliency from disk failures, which is achieved by either [[disk mirroring]] or [[data striping|striping]] with [[Parity bit|parity]] across the physical disks. Each storage pool on the [[ReFS]] filesystem is limited to 4 PB (4096 TB), but there are no limits on the total number of storage pools or the number of storage spaces within a pool.<ref name="B8_ReFS">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/01/16/building-the-next-generation-file-system-for-windows-refs.aspx|title=Building the next generation file system for Windows: ReFS|publisher=Building Windows 8 Blog|date=January 16, 2012|access-date=January 17, 2012|archive-date=May
A review in ''[[Ars Technica]]'' concluded that "Storage Spaces in Windows 8 is a good foundation, but its current iteration is simply too flawed to recommend in most circumstances."<ref>{{cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/10/storage-spaces-explained-a-great-feature-when-it-works/3/ |title=Storage Spaces explained: a great feature, when it works |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=October 28, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2014 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110181411/http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/10/storage-spaces-explained-a-great-feature-when-it-works/3/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Microsoft MVP]] Helge Klein also criticized Storage Spaces as unsuitable for its touted market of [[small office/home office|SOHO]] users.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://helgeklein.com/blog/2012/03/windows-8-storage-spaces-bugs-and-design-flaws/ |title=Windows 8 Storage Spaces: Bugs and Design Flaws |first=Helge |last=Klein |website=Helgeklein.com |date=March 26, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2014 |archive-date=June 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618090154/https://helgeklein.com/blog/2012/03/windows-8-storage-spaces-bugs-and-design-flaws/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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