Problem-oriented policing: Difference between revisions

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'''Problem-oriented policing (POP)''', coined by [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] professor [[Herman Goldstein]], is a policing strategy that involves the identification and analysis of specific [[crime]] and [[Civil disorder|disorder]] problems, in order to develop effective response strategies. ForPOP years,{{when|date=December 2014}}requires police focusedto onidentify theand “means”target ofunderlying policingproblems ratherthat thancan its “ends”, accordinglead to Goldsteincrime. Goldstein (1979)suggested calledit toas replacean whatimprovement he termedon the reactive, incident-driven “standard model of policing”.<ref>(Weisburd 2010)</ref> This approach requires police to be proactive in identifying underlying problems which can be targeted to reduce crime and disorder at their roots. Goldstein's view emphasized a [[paradigm shift]] in [[criminal law]], but also in civil statutes and the use of municipal and community resources. Goldstein's 1979 model was expanded in 1987 by John E. Eck and William Spelman into the [[Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment]] (SARA) model for problem solving.<ref name="what">[http://www.popcenter.org/about-whatisPOP.htm Center for Problem Oriented Policing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505220324/http://www.popcenter.org/about-whatisPOP.htm |date=2008-05-05 }} - What is POP?</ref>

Goldstein's 1979 model was expanded in 1987 by John E. Eck and William Spelman into the [[Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment]] (SARA) model for problem solving.<ref name="what">[http://www.popcenter.org/about-whatisPOP.htm Center for Problem Oriented Policing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505220324/http://www.popcenter.org/about-whatisPOP.htm |date=2008-05-05 }} - What is POP?</ref> This strategy places more emphasis on [[research]] and analysis as well as [[crime prevention]] and the engagement of public and private [[organization]]s in the reduction of community problems.<ref name="what"/>

A [[systematic review]] of this model, based on 34 randomized control trials and quasi-experimental studies, found that problem-oriented policing is effective at reducing crime and disorder, but had a limited effect on police legitimacy and fear of crime. There is also the risk of overreach, corruption, and abuse of authority, when officers interfere before crimes have actually occurred.

== Introduction ==