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**[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] opens the first [[Amazon Go]] store, the first completely [[cashier]]-less grocery store.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/b?node=16008589011|title=Amazon Go|date=22 January 2018|website=Amazon|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/platform/amp/2018/1/22/16920784/amazon-go-cashier-less-grocery-store-seattle-shoplifting-punishment-detection|title=Amazon doesn't care if you accidentally shoplift from its cashier-less store|date=22 January 2018|website=The Verge|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/the-future-of-shopping-amazon-go-launches-cashless-supermarket-with-no-cashiers-lines-or-registers/news-story/43bc168c8d47cd9fb2e65bcd0c629642|title=People are lining up to shop at Amazon Go's new "queue-free" concept store|date=23 January 2018|website=news.com.au|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref>
**Engineers at MIT develop a new computer chip, with "[[neuromorphic engineering|artificial synapses]]," which process information more like [[neuron]]s in a [[brain]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.mit.edu/2018/engineers-design-artificial-synapse-brain-on-a-chip-hardware-0122|title=Engineers design artificial synapse for "brain-on-a-chip" hardware|date=22 January 2018|website=MIT|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/the-download/610038/an-artificial-synapse-could-make-brain-on-a-chip-hardware-a-reality/|title=An artificial synapse could make brain-on-a-chip hardware a reality|date=22 January 2018|website=MIT Technology Review|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref>
*24 January – Scientists in China report in the journal ''[[Cell (journal)|Cell]]'' the creation of two [[monkey]] [[Clone (cell biology)|clones]], named ''[[Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua|Zhong Zhong]]'' and ''[[Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua|Hua Hua]]'', using the [[Somatic cell nuclear transfer|complex DNA transfer method]] that produced [[Dolly (sheep)|''Dolly'' the sheep]], for the first time.<ref name="CELL-20180124">{{cite journal |author=Liu, Zhen |display-authors=etal |title=Cloning of Macaque Monkeys by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer |date=24 January 2018 |journal=[[Cell (journal)|Cell]] |volume=172 |issue=4 |pages=881–887.e7 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.020 |pmid=29395327 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20180124">{{cite journal |last=Normile |first=Dennis |title=These monkey twins are the first primate clones made by the method that developed Dolly |url=
*25 January
** Researchers report evidence that [[modern humans]] [[Early human expansions out of Africa|migrated from Africa]] at least as early as [[Middle Paleolithic|194,000 years ago]], somewhat consistent with recent genetic studies, and much earlier than previously thought.<ref name="SCI-20180126">{{cite journal |author=Herschkovitz, Israel |display-authors=etal |title=The earliest modern humans outside Africa |date=26 January 2018 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=359 |issue=6374 |pages=456–459 |doi=10.1126/science.aap8369 |pmid=29371468 |bibcode=2018Sci...359..456H |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20180125">{{cite news |last=St. Fleur |first=Nicholas |title=In Cave in Israel, Scientists Find Jawbone Fossil From Oldest Modern Human Out of Africa |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/science/jawbone-fossil-israel.html |date=25 January 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=30 June 2018 }}</ref>
**Scientists working for [[Calico (company)|Calico]], a company owned by [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet]], publish a paper in the journal ''[[eLife]]'' which presents possible evidence that ''[[naked mole-rat|Heterocephalus glaber]]'' (naked mole-rat) do not face increased mortality risk due to aging.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.calicolabs.com/news/2018/01/25/|title=Calico Scientists Publish Paper in eLife Demonstrating that the Naked Mole Rat's Risk of Death Does Not Increase With Age|date=25 January 2018|website=Calico|access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=
*29 January – Scientists report, for the first time, that 800 million [[virus]]es, mainly of [[Marine biology|marine origin]], are deposited daily from the [[Earth]]{{'s}} [[atmosphere]] onto every square meter of the planet's surface, as the result of a global atmospheric stream of viruses, circulating above the weather system, but below the altitude of usual airline travel, distributing viruses around the planet.<ref name="NYT-20180413">{{cite news |last=Robbins |first=Jim |title=Trillions Upon Trillions of Viruses Fall From the Sky Each Day |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/science/virosphere-evolution.html |date=13 April 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=14 April 2018 }}</ref><ref name="ISME-2018">{{cite journal |last1=Reche |first1=Isabel |last2=D'Orta |first2=Gaetano |last3=Mladenov |first3=Natalie |last4=Winget |first4= Danielle M |last5=Suttle |first5= Curtis A |title=Deposition rates of viruses and bacteria above the atmospheric boundary layer |journal=ISME Journal |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=1154–1162 |date=29 January 2018 |doi=10.1038/s41396-017-0042-4 |pmid=29379178 |pmc=5864199 }}</ref>
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** [[Google]] announces the creation of "Bristlecone", the world's most advanced [[quantum computer]] chip, featuring 72 [[qubits]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/the-download/610423/google-has-built-the-worlds-most-advanced-quantum-chip/|title=Google has built the world's most advanced quantum chip|date=6 March 2018|website=Technology Review|access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://research.googleblog.com/2018/03/a-preview-of-bristlecone-googles-new.html|title=A Preview of Bristlecone, Google's New Quantum Processor |date=5 March 2018|website=Google|access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>
[[File:Iceviistructure-ru.gif|thumb|right|200px|8 March: First detection of natural [[Ice VII]] (see structure above) on Earth.<ref name="SCI-20180308" /><ref name="LAT-20180309" />]]
*8 March – Scientists report the first detection of natural [[ice VII]] on Earth, previously it was only produced artificially. It may be common on the moons [[Enceladus]], [[Europa (moon)|Europa]] and [[Titan (moon)|Titan]].<ref name="SCI-20180308">{{cite journal |last=Perkins |first=Sid |title=Pockets of water may lay deep below Earth's surface |url=
*9 March – NASA medical researchers report that [[human spaceflight]] may alter [[gene expression]] in [[astronaut]]s, based on [[twin studies]] where one astronaut twin, [[Scott Kelly (astronaut)|Scott Kelly]], spent nearly one year in space while the other, [[Mark Kelly]], remained on Earth.<ref name="TT-20180309">{{cite news |last=Hermitanio |first=Maui |title=Twins Study Update: NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly's DNA Altered In Space |url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/222657/20180309/twins-study-update-nasa-astronaut-scott-kellys-dna-altered-after-one-year-in-space.htm |date=9 March 2018 |work=TechTimes.com |access-date=9 March 2018 }}</ref><ref name="GK-20180311">{{cite web |last=Mlot |first=Stephanie |title=Astronaut Scott Kelly's DNA Changed in Space |url=https://www.geek.com/science/astronaut-scott-kellys-dna-changed-in-space-1733389/ |date=11 March 2018 |website=[[Geek.com]] |access-date=12 March 2018 |archive-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313093627/https://www.geek.com/science/astronaut-scott-kellys-dna-changed-in-space-1733389/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NASA-20180131">{{cite web |last1=Edwards |first1=Monica |last2=Abadie |first2=Laurie |title=NASA Twins Study Confirms Preliminary Findings |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-twins-study-confirms-preliminary-findings |date=31 January 2018 |website=[[NASA]] |access-date=9 March 2018 }}</ref>
*13 March – Scientists report that ''[[Archaeopteryx]]'', a [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[feathered dinosaur]], was likely capable of [[Bird flight|flight]], but in a manner substantially different from that of [[Birds|modern birds]].<ref name="NAT-20180313">{{cite journal |author=Voeten, Dennis F.A.E. |display-authors=etal |title=Wing bone geometry reveals active flight in Archaeopteryx |date=13 March 2018 |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |volume=9 |page=923 |number=923 |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-03296-8 |pmid=29535376 |pmc=5849612 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9..923V }}</ref><ref name="WP-20180313">{{cite news |last=Guarino |first=Ben |title=This feathery dinosaur probably flew, but not like any bird you know |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2018/03/13/this-feathery-dinosaur-probably-flew-but-not-like-any-bird-you-know/ |date=13 March 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=13 March 2018 }}</ref>
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=== May ===
*1 May – The [[Genome Project-Write]] announces a new 10 year initiative to attempt to make human cells [[immunity (medical)|immune]] to [[viral disease|viral infections]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GP-write Announces 'Ultra-safe Cells' as Featured Community Project|url=http://engineeringbiologycenter.org/ultrasafecells/|date=1 May 2018|website=Genome Project-Write|access-date=1 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title="Project Recode" aims to make human cells invulnerable to infection|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/the-download/611055/project-recode-aims-to-make-human-cells-invulnerable-to-infection/|date=1 May 2018|website=MIT Technology Review|access-date=1 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Genome writing project aims to rally scientists around virus-proofing cells|url=
[[File:PIA22460-Mars2020Mission-Helicopter-20180525.jpg|thumb|right|200px|11 May: [[NASA]] approves the [[Ingenuity (helicopter)|Mars Helicopter]] for the [[Mars 2020]] mission.<ref name="NASA-20180511b" /><ref name="NYT-20180511" /><ref name="VRG-20180511" />]]
*2 May – Scientists discover that [[Helium]] is present in the exoplanet [[WASP-107b]].<ref>{{cite web|first1=Aristos|last1=Georgiou|title=Helium Discovered In Atmosphere Of Exoplanet For The First Time|url=http://www.newsweek.com/helium-discovered-atmosphere-exoplanet-first-time-909459|publisher=[[Newsweek]]|date=3 May 2018}}</ref>
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**Footprints in the [[Yangtze Gorges]] area of South China, dating back [[Ediacaran|546 million years]], are reported to be the earliest known record of an animal with legs.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Oldest 'footprints' found in China |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44404246 |date=7 June 2018 |journal=BBC News |access-date=8 June 2018 }}</ref>
**The spacecraft [[Dawn (spacecraft)|''Dawn'']] assumes a final (and much closer) orbit around the [[dwarf planet]] [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]]: as close as {{convert|35|km|mi|abbr=on}} and as far away as {{convert|4000|km|mi|abbr=on}} (see [[Commons:Category:Dawn Ceres XMO7 phase|images]]).<ref name="NASA-20180613mr">{{cite web |last=Rayman |first=Marc |title=Dawn – Mission Status |url=https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status_2018.html |date=13 June 2018 |website=[[NASA]] |access-date=16 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="SFN-20180615">{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=Dawn spacecraft flying low over Ceres |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/06/15/dawn-spacecraft-flying-low-over-ceres/ |date=15 June 2018 |website=SpaceFlightNow.com |access-date=16 June 2018 }}</ref>
* 7 June – NASA announces that the [[Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] has detected a cyclical seasonal variation in [[Atmosphere of Mars|atmospheric]] [[methane]] (see [[:File:PIA22328-MarsCuriosityRover-Methane-SeasonalCycle-20180607.jpg|image]]) on the planet [[Mars]], as well as the presence of [[kerogen]] and other complex [[organic compound]]s.<ref name="NASA-20180607">{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Dwayne |last2=Wendel |first2=JoAnna |last3=Steigerwald |first3=Bill |last4=Jones |first4=Nancy |last5=Good |first5=Andrew |title=Release 18-050 – NASA Finds Ancient Organic Material, Mysterious Methane on Mars |url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-finds-ancient-organic-material-mysterious-methane-on-mars |date=7 June 2018 |website=[[NASA]] |access-date=7 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="NASA-20180607vid">{{cite web |author=NASA |title=Ancient Organics Discovered on Mars – video (03:17) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0gsz8EHiNc |date=7 June 2018 |website=[[NASA]] |access-date=7 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="SPC-20180607">{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |title=Curiosity Rover Finds Ancient 'Building Blocks for Life' on Mars |url=https://www.space.com/40819-mars-methane-organics-curiosity-rover.html |date=7 June 2018 |website=[[Space.com]] |access-date=7 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20180607">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Life on Mars? Rover's Latest Discovery Puts It 'On the Table' - The identification of organic molecules in rocks on the red planet does not necessarily point to life there, past or present, but does indicate that some of the building blocks were present. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/07/science/mars-nasa-life.html |date=7 June 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=8 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20180607">{{cite journal |last=Voosen |first=Paul |title=NASA rover hits organic pay dirt on Mars |url=
* 8 June – The U.S. Department of Energy's [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] unveils [[Summit (supercomputer)|Summit]] as the world's most powerful [[supercomputer]], with a peak performance of 200,000 trillion calculations per second, or 200 [[petaflops]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ORNL Launches Summit Supercomputer |url=https://www.ornl.gov/news/ornl-launches-summit-supercomputer |date=8 June 2018 |website=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |access-date=9 June 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Summit Up and Running at Oak Ridge, Claims First Exascale Application |url=https://www.top500.org/news/summit-up-and-running-at-oak-ridge-claims-first-exascale-application/ |date=9 June 2018 |website=Top500 |access-date=9 June 2018 }}</ref>
* 11 June – [[KATRIN]], an experiment designed to measure the absolute mass of [[neutrino]]s, starts data-taking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kit.edu/kit/english/pi_2018_069_neutrinos-weighed-by-the-world-s-most-precise-scale.php|title=The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment KATRIN Starts – Official Inauguration Colloquium on June 11 – Germany's Federal Minister of Research: "an experiment of superlatives"|date=11 June 2018|access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref>
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** [[Earth Overshoot Day]] 2018 is reached.
** Astronomers report that [[Fast radio burst#2018|FRB 180725A]] is the first detection of a [[Fast radio burst]] (FRB) under 700 MHz – as low as 580 MHz.<ref name="SA-20180806">{{cite web |last=MacDonald |first=Fiona |title=Astronomers Have Detected an Intense And Mysteriously Low Frequency Radio Signal Coming From Space |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-have-detected-an-intense-and-mysteriously-low-frequency-radio-signal-coming-from-space |date=6 August 2018 |website=SciencAlert.com |access-date=6 August 2018 }}</ref><ref name="AT-20180801">{{cite web |last=Boyle |first=P.J.|title=First detection of fast radio bursts between 400 and 800 MHz by CHIME/FRB |url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=11901 |date=1 August 2018 |website=[[The Astronomer's Telegram]] (11901) |access-date=6 August 2018 }}</ref>
**Lab-grown [[lungs]] are successfully transplanted into pigs for the first time.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Lab-grown lungs transplanted into pigs |url=
* 7 August – NASA researchers report confirmation by the ''[[New Horizons]]'' spacecraft of a "[[hydrogen wall]]" at the outer edges of the [[Solar System]] that was first detected in 1992 by the two [[Voyager program|Voyager spacecraft]].<ref name="GRL-20180807">{{cite journal |author=Gladstone, G. Randall |display-authors=etal |title=The Lyman-α Sky Background as Observed by New Horizons
|date=7 August 2018 |journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]] |volume=45 |issue=16 |pages=8022–8028 |doi=10.1029/2018GL078808 |arxiv=1808.00400 |bibcode=2018GeoRL..45.8022G |s2cid=119395450 }}</ref><ref name="LS-20180809">{{cite web |last=Letzter |first=Rafi |title=NASA Spotted a Vast, Glowing 'Hydrogen Wall' at the Edge of Our Solar System
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* 8 August
** Biologists report that [[Stromatoveris psygmoglena]], an [[Ediacaran biota|Ediacaran organism]] that dominated oceans half a billion years ago, was a member of [[Animal]]ia, based on [[phylogenetic analysis]].<ref name="SCI-20180808a">{{cite journal |last=Barras |first=Colin |title=These half-billion-year-old creatures were animals—but unlike any known today
|url=
|date=2018 |journal=[[Palaeontology (journal)|Palaeontology]] |volume=61 |issue=6 |pages=813–823 |doi=10.1111/pala.12393|s2cid=54054510 |url=http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/4315/1/Cuthill_et_al-2018-Palaeontology.pdf }}</ref>
** Computer researchers report that [[Artificial Intelligence]] (AI) programs have found thousands of prominent [[scientist]]s overlooked by [[Wikipedia]] editors.<ref name="VRG-20180808">{{cite web |last=Vincent |first=James |title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia – The softwares scans news stories to find overlooked figures, and even writes a draft article about them |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer |date=8 August 2018 |website=[[The Verge]] |access-date=8 August 2018 }}</ref>
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