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Comparison of user features of operating systems: Difference between revisions

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→Overview: Clean up citation; this way, the chapter title links to the archived version of the chapter, with "the original" linking to the un-archived version of the chapter. There doesn't seem to be a way to link the top-level page for the book, but the CS1 template documentation says " If chapter-url is used, url should only be used if the beginning of the work and the cited chapter are on separate webpages at the site.", but "the beginning of the work" isn't at the top-level URL.
That citation doesn't define general-purpose OSes, it defines special-purpose OSes. It just mentions the term "general-purpose operating systems" in passing. Pull the reference from operating system, whence much of this text was taken; the version there is cleaner.
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For hardware functions such as [[input and output]] and [[memory allocation]], the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware,<ref>{{cite book | last = Stallings | title = Operating Systems, Internals and Design Principles | publisher = Prentice Hall | year = 2005 | ___location = Pearson |page=6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Dhotre| first = I.A.| title = Operating Systems. | publisher = Technical Publications | year = 2009 |page=1}}</ref> although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes [[system call]]s to an OS function or is [[interrupt]]ed by it. Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computer{{snd}} from cellular phones and video game consoles to [[web server]]s and [[supercomputer]]s.
 
The dominant general-purpose<ref>[https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/operating-system-concepts/9780471694663/pt07.html Special purpose systems and general-purpose systems terms]</ref> desktop operating system is [[Microsoft Windows]] with a market share of around 76.45%. [[macOS]] by [[Apple Inc.]] is in second place (17.72%), and the varieties of [[Linux]] are collectively in third place (1.73%).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Desktop Operating System Market Share Worldwide|url=https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop/worldwide/|access-date=31 October 2020|website=StatCounter Global Stats|language=en}}</ref> In the [[Mobile operating system|mobile]] sector (including smartphones and [[Tablet computer|tablets]]), [[Android (operating system)|Android's]] share is up to 72% in the year 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile & Tablet Operating System Market Share Worldwide|url=https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile-tablet/worldwide/|access-date=31 October 2020|website=StatCounter Global Stats|language=en}}</ref> According to third quarter 2016 data, Android's share on smartphones is dominant with 87.5 percent with also a growth rate of 10.3 percent per year, followed by Apple's [[iOS]] with 12.1 percent with per year decrease in market share of 5.2 percent, while other operating systems amount to just 0.3 percent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161102006440/en/Strategy-Analytics-Android-Captures-Record-88-Percent |title=Strategy Analytics: Android Captures Record 88 Percent Share of Global Smartphone Shipments in Q3 2016 |date=2 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105223332/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161102006440/en/Strategy-Analytics-Android-Captures-Record-88-Percent |archive-date=5 November 2016 }}</ref> [[Linux distribution]]s are dominant in the server and supercomputing sectors. Other specialized classes of operating systems (special-purpose operating systems)<ref name="auto">[{{Cite web|url=https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/operating-system-concepts/9780471694663/pt07.html|title=VII. Special-Purpose purposeSystems systems- andOperating general-purposeSystem systemsConcepts, termsSeventh Edition [Book]|website=www.oreilly.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.acs.eonerc.rwth-aachen.de/cms/E-ON-ERC-ACS/Studium/Lehrveranstaltungen/~lrhs/Spezial-Betriebssysteme/?lidx=1 Special-purpose operating system term]</ref>), such as [[Embedded system|embedded]] and real-time systems, exist for many applications. [[Security-focused operating system]]s also exist. Some operating systems have low system requirements (i.e. [[light-weight Linux distribution]]). Others may have higher system requirements.
 
Some operating systems require installation or may come pre-installed with purchased computers ([[OEM]]-installation), whereas others may run directly from media (i.e. [[live cd]]) or flash memory (i.e. usb stick).
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