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Moon motif (talk | contribs) Add image comparing ACF and PACF of AR(3) time series |
Moon motif (talk | contribs) Change image of ACF vs PACF with only PACF since ACF wasn't relevant to article text |
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There are algorithms for estimating the partial autocorrelation based on the sample autocorrelations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Box |first=George E. P. |title=Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control |last2=Reinsel |first2=Gregory C. |last3=Jenkins |first3=Gwilym M. |publisher=John Wiley |year=2008 |isbn=9780470272848 |edition=4th |___location=Hoboken, New Jersey |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brockwell |first=Peter J. |title=Time Series: Theory and Methods |last2=Davis |first2=Richard A. |publisher=Springer |year=1991 |isbn=9781441903198 |edition=2nd |___location=New York, NY |language=en}}</ref> One of these procedures is the [[Levinson-Durbin|Levinson–Durbin Algorithm]]. The partial autocorrelation of any time series can be calculated by iteratively solving for increasing lags in the following formula:<math display="block">\phi_{nn} = \frac{\rho(n) - \sum_{k=1}^{n-1} \phi_{n-1, k} \rho(n - k)}{1 - \sum_{k=1}^{n-1} \phi_{n-1, k} \rho(k) }</math>where <math>\phi_{nk} = \phi_{n-1, k} - \phi_{nn} \phi_{n-1,n-k}</math> for <math>1 \leq k \leq n - 1</math> and <math>\rho(n)</math> is the autocorrelation with lag <math>n</math>.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Durbin |first=J. |date=1960 |title=The Fitting of Time-Series Models |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1401322 |journal=Revue de l'Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=233–244 |doi=10.2307/1401322 |issn=0373-1138}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shumway |first=Robert H. |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-52452-8 |title=Time Series Analysis and Its Applications: With R Examples |last2=Stoffer |first2=David S. |date=2017 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-52451-1 |series=Springer Texts in Statistics |___location=Cham |pages=103-104 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-52452-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Enders |first=Walter |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52387978 |title=Applied econometric time series |date=2004 |publisher=J. Wiley |isbn=0-471-23065-0 |edition=2nd |___location=Hoboken, NJ |pages=65-67 |language=en |oclc=52387978}}</ref>
[[File:Partial Autocorrelation Function Graph.png|alt=The partial autocorrelation graph has 3 spikes and the rest is close to 0.|thumb|PACF of an AR(3) time series]]
Partial autocorrelation plots are a commonly used tool for identifying the order of an [[autoregressive model]].<ref name=":0" /> The partial autocorrelation of an AR(''p'') process is zero at lag <math>p+1</math> and greater. If the sample autocorrelation plot indicates that an AR model may be appropriate, then the sample partial autocorrelation plot is examined to help identify the order. One looks for the point on the plot where the partial autocorrelations for all higher lags are essentially zero. Placing on the plot an indication of the sampling uncertainty of the sample PACF is helpful for this purpose: this is usually constructed on the basis that the true value of the PACF, at any given positive lag, is zero. This can be formalised as described below.
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