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Most of the highly repetitive DNA is found in centromeres and telomeres (see above) and most of it is functional although some might be redundant. The other significant fraction resides in short tandem repeats (STRs; also called [[microsatellite]]s) consisting of short stretches of a simple repeat such as ATC. There are about 350,000 STRs in the human genome and they are scattered throughout the genome with an average length of about 25 repeats.<ref>{{ cite journal | vauthors = Gymrek M, Willems T, Guilmatre A, Zeng H, Markus B, Georgiev S, Daly MJ, Price AL, Pritchard JK, Sharp AJ, Erlich Y | date = 2016 | title = Abundant contribution of short tandem repeats to gene expression variation in humans | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 48 | issue = 1 | pages = 22–29 | doi = 10.1038/ng.3461| pmid = 26642241 | pmc = 4909355 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | vauthors = Kronenberg ZN, Fiddes IT, Gordon D, Murali S, Cantsilieris S, Meyerson OS, Underwood JG, Nelson BJ, Chaisson MJ, Dougherty ML | date = 2018 | title= High-resolution comparative analysis of great ape genomes | journal = Science | volume = 360 | issue = 6393 | pages = 1085 | doi = 10.1126/science.aar6343| pmid = 29880660 | pmc = 6178954 }}</ref>
Variations in the number of STR repeats can cause genetic diseases when they lie within a gene but most of these regions appear to be non-functional junk DNA
==Junk DNA==
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