Intense pulsed light: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 09:42, 23 July 2022

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'''Intense pulsed light''' ('''IPL''') is a technology used by cosmetic and medical practitioners to perform various skin treatments for aesthetic and therapeutic purposes, including [[hair removal]], [[photorejuvenation]] (e.g. the treatment of [[skin pigmentation]], sun damage, and thread veins) as well as to alleviate [[Dermatological|dermatologic]] diseases such as acne.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kumaresan|first1=M|last2=Srinivas|first2=C R|title=Efficacy of IPL in treatment of acne vulgaris : Comparison of single- and burst-pulse mode in IPL|date=2010-01-01|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|volume=55|issue=4|pages=370–372|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.74550|issn=0019-5154|pmc=3051300|pmid=21430893}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wat|first1=Heidi|last2=Wu|first2=Douglas C.|last3=Rao|first3=Jaggi|last4=Goldman|first4=Mitchel P.|date=2014-04-01|title=Application of intense pulsed light in the treatment of dermatologic disease: a systematic review|journal=Dermatologic Surgery |volume=40|issue=4|pages=359–377|doi=10.1111/dsu.12424|issn=1524-4725|pmid=24495252|s2cid=205081994}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Piccolo|first1=D.|last2=Di Marcantonio|first2=D.|last3=Crisman|first3=G.|last4=Cannarozzo|first4=G.|last5=Sannino|first5=M.|last6=Chiricozzi|first6=A.|last7=Chimenti|first7=S.|date=2014-01-01|title=Unconventional use of intense pulsed light|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2014|pages=618206|doi=10.1155/2014/618206|issn=2314-6141|pmc=4167959|pmid=25276803|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Belenky|first1=Inna|last2=Tagger|first2=Cruzy|last3=Bingham|first3=Andrea|date=2015-11-01|title=Intense Pulsed Light Pulse Configuration Manipulation Can Resolve the Classic Conflict Between Safety and Efficacy|journal=Journal of Drugs in Dermatology|volume=14|issue=11|pages=1255–1260|issn=1545-9616|pmid=26580874}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} IPL is increasingly used in optometry and ophthalmology as well, to treat evaporative dry eye disease due to [[meibomian gland]] dysfunction.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Toyos|first1=Rolando|last2=McGill|first2=William|last3=Briscoe|first3=Dustin|date=2015-01-01|title=Intense pulsed light treatment for dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction; a 3-year retrospective study|journal=Photomedicine and Laser Surgery|volume=33|issue=1|pages=41–46|doi=10.1089/pho.2014.3819|issn=1557-8550|pmc=4298157|pmid=25594770}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vegunta|first1=Sravanthi|last2=Patel|first2=Dharmendra|last3=Shen|first3=Joanne F.|date=2016-03-01|title=Combination Therapy of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Meibomian Gland Expression (IPL/MGX) Can Improve Dry Eye Symptoms and Meibomian Gland Function in Patients With Refractory Dry Eye: A Retrospective Analysis|journal=Cornea|volume=35|issue=3|pages=318–322|doi=10.1097/ICO.0000000000000735|issn=1536-4798|pmid=26785301|s2cid=24896902}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vora|first1=Gargi K.|last2=Gupta|first2=Preeya K.|date=2015-07-01|title=Intense pulsed light therapy for the treatment of evaporative dry eye disease|journal=Current Opinion in Ophthalmology|volume=26|issue=4|pages=314–318|doi=10.1097/ICU.0000000000000166|issn=1531-7021|pmid=26058031|s2cid=39053597}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Craig|first1=Jennifer P.|last2=Chen|first2=Yen-Heng|last3=Turnbull|first3=Philip R. K.|date=2015-03-01|title=Prospective trial of intense pulsed light for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction|journal=Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science|volume=56|issue=3|pages=1965–1970|doi=10.1167/iovs.14-15764|issn=1552-5783|pmid=25678687|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The technology uses a high-powered, hand-held, computer-controlled flashgun to deliver an intense, visible, broad-spectrum pulse of light, generally in the visible spectral range of 400 to 1200&nbsp;nm. Various cutoff filters are commonly used to selectively filter out shorter wavelengths, especially potentially damaging [[Ultraviolet|ultra violet light]]. The resulting light has a spectral range that targets specific structures and [[chromophores]] (e.g. melanin in hair, or oxyhemoglobin in blood vessels) that are heated to destruction and reabsorbed by the body. IPL shares some similarities with laser treatments, in that they both use light to heat and destroy their targets. But unlike lasers that use a single wavelength (color) of light which typically matches only one chromophore and hence only treats one condition, IPL uses a broad spectrum that when used with interchangeable filters, allowing it to be used against several conditions. This can be achieved when the IPL technician selects the appropriate filter that matches a specific chromophore.<ref name="CID">{{cite journal |last=Gold |first=Michael H. |title=Lasers and light sources for the removal of unwanted hair |journal=Clinics in Dermatology |date=September–October 2007 |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=443–453 |doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.05.017 |pmid=17870522}}</ref>

==Description==

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==Medical use==

{{Expand section|date=June 2012}}

IPL was first developed for [[Vascular disease|vascular conditions]]. It is at least as effective as pulsed dye lasers and can penetrate deeper with reduced risk of purpura and hyperpigmentation. IPL can also be used for the treatment of dry eye conditions such as [[meibomian gland dysfunction]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aao.org/publications/eyenet/201207/upload/july-2012-clinical-update-cornea.pdf |title=Managing Blepharitis:Tried-and-True and New Approaches |author=Annie Stuart |date=July 2012 |publisher=EyeNet |access-date=February 22, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305165437/http://www.aao.org/publications/eyenet/201207/upload/July-2012-Clinical-Update-Cornea.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aao.org/pdf/aaosub_cornea_2012_syllabus.pdf |title=Pushing Surgical Boundaries, Professional Development, and Popular Opinion |last1=Aldave |first1=Anthony J. |last2=Afshari |first2=Natalie |last3=Colby |first3=Kathryn |date=10 November 2012 |publisher=The American Academy of Ophthalmology |access-date=February 22, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123230629/http://www.aao.org/pdf/AAOSub_Cornea_2012_Syllabus.pdf |archive-date=January 23, 2013 }}</ref> IPL can treat pigmented lesions with rapid recovery. Dyschromia can be cleared after repeated sessions. [[Photoaging]] treatment has been explored. A series of IPL can be used for facial rejuvenation, improving skin laxity and collagen production. IPL combined with facial injections can be used for dynamic rhytids. Home IPL devices have been developed.

IPL is employed in the treatment of a range of dermatological conditions including [[Photoaging#Retinoic acids and photodamage|photodamage]] induced dyspigmentation and vascular changes, [[poikiloderma of Civatte]], [[rosacea]], [[acne vulgaris]], sebaceous gland hyperplasia, broken capillaries, [[telangiectases]], [[vascular lesions]] (small blood vessels), [[pigmented lesions]] (freckles, [[liver spot]]s, [[birth mark]]s ), [[melasma]], [[actinic keratosis]], [[photorejuvenation]], basal cell carcinoma, and [[Bowen's disease]] (squamous cell carcinoma).<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Application of intense pulsed light in the treatment of dermatologic disease: a systematic review.|date = Apr 2014|journal = Dermatol. Surg.|doi = 10.1111/dsu.12424|pmid = 24495252 |volume=40 |issue = 4|pages=359–77|last1 = Wat|first1 = Heidi|last2 = Wu|first2 = Douglas C.|last3 = Rao|first3 = Jaggi|last4 = Goldman|first4 = Mitchel P.|s2cid = 205081994}}</ref>