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{{Short description|Programming paradigm that unifies the development of different tiers in a single compilation unit}}
{{Programming paradigms}}
'''Multitier programming''' (or '''tierless programming''') is a [[programming paradigm]] for [[distributed computing|distributed software]], which typically follows a [[multitier architecture]], physically separating different functional aspects of the software into different ''tiers'' (e.g., the client, the server and the database in a Web application<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hull|first1=Richard|last2=Thiemann|first2=Peter|last3=Wadler|first3=Philip|date=2007|title=07051 Working Group Outcomes – Programming Paradigms for the Web: Web Programming and Web Services|url=http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2007/1127|journal=Programming Paradigms for the Web: Web Programming and Web Services|series=Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings|___location=Dagstuhl, Germany|publisher=Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum für Informatik (IBFI)|volume=07051}}</ref>). Multitier programming allows functionalities that span multiple of such tiers to be developed in a single compilation unit using a single [[programming language]]. Without multitier programming, tiers are developed using different languages, e.g., [[JavaScript]] for the Web client, [[PHP]] for the Web server and [[SQL]] for the database.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Weisenburger|first1=Pascal|last2=Wirth|first2=Johannes|last3=Salvaneschi|first3=Guido|title=A Survey of Multitier Programming|journal=ACM Comput. Surv.|date=2020|volume=53|issue=4|pages=81:1–81:35|doi=10.1145/3397495|s2cid=218517772 }}</ref> Multitier programming is often integrated into [[general-purpose language]]s by extending them with support for distribution.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Caldwell|first1=Sam |editor1-last=Miller|editor1-first=Heather|title=Programming Models for Distributed Computing|date=2016|chapter=General Purpose Languages Extended for Distribution|chapter-url=http://dist-prog-book.com/chapter/5/langs-extended-for-dist.html}}</ref>
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