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[[Electronic hardware]], like [[software]], can be designed modularly, by creating subcomponents and then higher-level components to instantiate them. In many cases it is useful to be able to swap out one or several of these subcomponents while the FPGA is still operating.
Normally, reconfiguring an FPGA requires it to be held in reset while an external controller reloads a design onto it. Partial reconfiguration allows for critical parts of the design to continue operating while a controller either on the FPGA or off of it loads a partial design into a reconfigurable module. Partial reconfiguration also can be used to save space for multiple designs by only storing the partial designs that change between designs.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Damian |last1=Wanta |first2=Waldemar T. |last2=Smolik |first3=Jacek |last3=Kryszyn |first4=Przemysław |last4=Wróblewski |first5=Mateusz |last5=Midura |title=A Run-Time Reconfiguration Method for an FPGA-Based Electrical Capacitance Tomography System |volume=11 |issue=4 |year=2022 |journal=Electronics |doi=10.3390/electronics11040545}}</ref>
A common example for when partial reconfiguration would be useful is the case of a communication device. If the device is controlling multiple connections, some of which require [[encryption]], it would be useful to be able to load different encryption cores without bringing the whole controller down.
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