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|Serat Darmagandhul}}
[[File:Indonesian matchlock firing mechanism.jpg|thumb|Detail of the firing mechanism.]]
This type of arquebus has similarity to the Vietnamese arquebus of the 17th century. The weapon is very long, may reach 2.2 m in length, and had its own folding bipod.<ref name=":0" /> Tome Pires' 1513 account tells the army of Gusti Pati (Patih Udara), viceroy of ''Batara Vojyaya'' (probably Brawijaya or Ranawijaya), numbered 200,000 men, 2,000 of which are horsemen and 4,000 [[musketeer]]s.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Cortesão|first=Armando|url=https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-136385-182|title=The Suma oriental of Tomé Pires : an account of the East, from the Red Sea to Japan, written in Malacca and India in 1512-1515 ; and, the book of Francisco Rodrigues, rutter of a voyage in the Red Sea, nautical rules, almanack and maps, written and drawn in the East before 1515 volume I|publisher=The Hakluyt Society|year=1944|isbn=9784000085052|___location=London}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>{{Rp|175-176}} Duarte Barbosa ca. 1514 said that the inhabitants of Java are great masters in casting artillery and very good artillerymen. They make many one-pounder cannons (cetbang or [[Lantaka|rentaka]]), long muskets, ''spingarde'' (arquebus), ''schioppi'' (hand cannon), [[Greek fire]], guns (cannons), and other fire-works. Every place are considered excellent in casting artillery, and in the knowledge of using it.<ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=John Winter|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsofludovic00vartrich/page/254/mode/2up?q=|title=The travels of Ludovico di Varthema in Egypt, Syria, Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix, in Persia, India, and Ethiopia, A.D. 1503 to 1508|publisher=Hakluyt Society|year=1863}}</ref>{{Rp|254}}<ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Stanley|first=Henry Edward John|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptionofcoa00barbrich/page/n7/mode/2up|title=A Description of the Coasts of East Africa and Malabar in the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century by Duarte Barbosa|publisher=The Hakluyt Society|year=1866}}</ref>{{Rp|198}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Partington|first=J. R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNZBSqd2cToC&dq=java&pg=PA224|title=A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder|date=1999|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5954-0|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|224}}
[[Chinese people]] praised Southern country gun:<blockquote>Liuxianting (劉獻廷
=== Malay peninsula ===
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In ''The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque'' "large matchlock"<ref group="Note">Written as ''espingardões'' (plural) or ''espingardão'' (singular).</ref> is frequently mentioned throughout the book. During the first attack of Malacca the approaching Portuguese were shot at by the Moors ([[muslims]]) of Malacca:<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Birch|first=Walter de Gray|url=https://archive.org/details/commentariesgre02unkngoog/page/n7/mode/2up?q|title=The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India, translated from the Portuguese edition of 1774 volume 3|publisher=The Hakluyt Society|year=1875|___location=London}}</ref>{{rp|103}}<blockquote>Two hours before the break of day Afonso Dalboquerque ordered the trumpet to be blown, in order to awaken them, and they embarked immediately with all the rest of the [[Man-at-arms|men-at-arms]] and went on board his ship, and when a general confession had been made, all set out together and came to the mouth of the river just as morning broke, and attacked the bridge, each battalion in the order which had been assigned to it. Then the Moors began to fire upon them with their artillery, which was posted in the [[stockade]]s, and with their large matchlocks wounded some of our men.</blockquote>They are also used when the Portuguese were withdrawing in the first attack:<ref name=":5" />{{rp|108}}<blockquote>When the Moors perceived that they were withdrawing, they began to open fire with large matchlocks, arrows, and [[Blow tube|blowing-tubes]], and wounded some of our men, yet with all the haste they made Afonso Dalboquerque ordered the men to carry off with them fifty large [[Bombard (weapon)|bombards]]<ref group="Note">Bombard is a type of short, large calibre cannon. The Malays of Malacca has bombards which threw leaden shot as large as an ''espera'' - a large old kind of artillery.</ref> that had been captured in the stockades upon the bridge</blockquote>[[Joao de Barros]] described a scene of the conquest in ''Da Asia'':<ref>{{Cite book|last=De Barros|first=João|title=Primeira decada da Asia|year=1552|___location=Lisboa}}</ref><ref name=":2" />{{rp|22}}<blockquote>As soon as the junk had passed the sand-bank and had come to an anchor, a short way from the bridge, the Moorish artillery opened a fire on her. Some guns discharged leadballs at intervals, which passed through both sides of the vessel, doing much execution among the crew. In the heat of the action Antonio d'Abreu, the commander, was struck in the cheek from a fusil (''espingardão''), carrying off the greater number of his teeth.</blockquote>The matchlocks that shoot through both sides of their vessel, had very long barrel and were 18 mm in caliber.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-malay-matchlock-musket|title=Fine Malay matchlock musket {{!}} Mandarin Mansion|website=www.mandarinmansion.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref>
Historian [[Fernão Lopes de Castanheda]] mentions matchlocks (''espingardão''
[[File:Vietnam matchlock of Qing period.jpg|thumb|Jiaozhi arquebus of 1739. Note the simple mechanism.]]
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