Continuous linear operator: Difference between revisions

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The notion of "bounded set" for a topological vector space is that of being a [[Bounded set (topological vector space)|von Neumann bounded set]].
If the space happens to also be a [[normed space]] (or a [[seminormed space]]), such as the scalar field with the [[absolute value]] for instance, then a subset <math>S</math> is von Neumann bounded if and only if it is [[Norm (mathematics)|norm]] bounded; that is, if and only if <math>\sup_{s \in S} \|s\| < \infty.</math>
If <math>S \subseteq X</math> is a set then <math>F : X \to Y</math> is said to be {{em|{{visible anchor|function bounded on a set|bounded on a set|text=bounded on <math>S</math>}}}} if <math>F(S)</math> is a [[Bounded set (topological vector space)|bounded subset]] of <math>Y,</math> which if <math>(Y, \|\cdot\|)</math> is a normed (or seminormed) space happens if and only if <math>\sup_{s \in S} \|F(s)\| < \infty.</math>
A linear map <math>F</math> is bounded on a set <math>S</math> if and only if it is bounded on <math>x + S</math> for every <math>x \in X</math> (because <math>F(x + S) = F(x) + F(S)</math> and any translation of a bounded set is again bounded).
 
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{{See also|Bounded linear operator}}
 
By definition, a linear map <math>F : X \to Y</math> between [[Topological vector space|TVS]]s is said to be {{em|[[Bounded linear operator|bounded]]}} and is called a {{em|{{visible anchor|bounded linear operator|text=[[bounded linear operator]]}}}} if for every [[Bounded set (topological vector space)|(von Neumann) bounded subset]] <math>B \subseteq X</math> of its ___domain, <math>F(B)</math> is a bounded subset of it codomain; or said more briefly, if it is bounded on every bounded subset of its ___domain. When the ___domain <math>X</math> is a normed (or seminormed) space then it suffices to check this condition for the open or closed unit ball centered at the origin. Explicitly, if <math>B_1</math> denotes this ball then <math>F : X \to Y</math> is a bounded linear operator if and only if <math>F\left(B_1\right)</math> is a bounded subset of <math>Y;</math> if <math>Y</math> is also a (semi)normed space then this happens if and only if the [[operator norm]] <math>\|F\| := \sup_{\|x\| \leq 1} \|F(x)\| < \infty</math> is finite. Every [[sequentially continuous]] linear operator is bounded.{{sfn|Wilansky|2013|pp=47-50}}
 
'''Bounded on a neighborhood and local boundedness'''
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{{See also|Local boundedness}}
 
In contrast, a map <math>F : X \to Y</math> is said to be {{em|{{visible anchor|bounded on a neighborhood of a point|bounded on a neighborhood of the point|text=bounded on a neighborhood of}}}} a point <math>x \in X</math> or {{em|{{visible anchor|locally bounded at a point|text=locally bounded at}}}} <math>x</math> if there exists a [[Neighborhood (mathematics)|neighborhood]] <math>U</math> of this point in <math>X</math> such that <math>F(U)</math> is a [[Bounded set (topological vector space)|bounded subset]] of <math>Y.</math>
It is "{{em|{{visible anchor|bounded on a neighborhood}}}}" (of some point) if there exists {{em|some}} point <math>x</math> in its ___domain at which it is locally bounded, in which case this linear map <math>F</math> is necessarily locally bounded at {{em|every}} point of its ___domain.
The term "[[Locally bounded function|{{em|{{visible anchor|locally bounded}}}}]]" is sometimes used to refer to a map that is locally bounded at every point of its ___domain, but some functional analysis authors define "locally bounded" to instead be a synonym of "[[bounded linear operator]]", which are related but {{em|not}} equivalent concepts. For this reason, this article will avoid the term "locally bounded" and instead say "locally bounded at every point" (there is no disagreement about the definition of "locally bounded {{em|at a point}}").