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Removing text re: metaverse as the concept is ill-defined and speculative. Tag: Reverted |
Undoing the revert. The concept may be speculative, but so what? It's defined well enough in the linked Wiki article, and in the ref. cited. |
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The history of modern [[massively multiplayer online role-playing game]]s (MMORPGs) like ''[[EverQuest]]'' and ''[[Ultima Online]]'', and related [[virtual world]] genres such as the social virtual worlds exemplified by ''[[Second Life]]'', can be traced directly back to the MUD genre.{{R|castronova-mmorpg|stuart-mmorpg}} Indeed, before the invention of the term MMORPG, games of this style were simply called [[#Graphical MUDs|graphical MUD]]s. A number of influential MMORPG designers began as [[:Category:MUD developers|MUD developers]] and/or players{{R|taylor}} (such as [[Raph Koster]], [[Brad McQuaid]],{{R|guru3d}} [[Matt Firor]], and [[Brian Green (game developer)|Brian Green]]{{R|greenmud}}) or were involved with early MUDs (like [[Mark Jacobs (video game designer)|Mark Jacobs]] and [[J. Todd Coleman]]).
MUDs are the first [[Metaverse|proto-Metaverse]].
==Early history==
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At the same time, [[Compunet]] started a project named ''Multi-User Galaxy Game'' as a science fiction alternative to ''MUD1'', a copy of which they were running on their system at the time. When one of the two programmers left CompuNet, the remaining programmer, Alan Lenton, decided to rewrite the game from scratch and named it ''[[Federation II]]'' (at the time no ''Federation I'' existed). The MUD was officially launched in 1989.{{R|bartle-mudreport3}} ''Federation II'' was later picked up by AOL, where it became known simply as ''Federation: Adult Space Fantasy''. ''Federation'' later left AOL to run on its own after AOL began offering unlimited service.
===Proto-Metaverse===
Since mainframe computers allowed purely digital messages to be shared by individuals, some observers feel the history of proto-Metaverses starts with their rise in the 1950s. However, most feel that history started in the 1970s with MUDs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ball |first1=Matthew |title=The Metaverse and How It Will Revolutionize Everything |date=2022 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company Ltd. |___location=New York |isbn=978-1-324-09203-2 |page=7 }}</ref>
=== Other early MUD-like games ===
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