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The terms ''PR/SM'' and ''LPAR'' are often used interchangeably in IBM Z, including in IBM documentation. Formally, LPAR designates the logical partitioning function and mode of operation, whereas PR/SM is the commercial designation of the feature.<ref name="Singh"/>{{rp|83}}
[[Amdahl Corporation]]'s Multiple Domain Facility (MDF) was introduced in 1982.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Doran |first1=R.W. |title=Amdahl multiple-___domain architecture |journal=Computer |date=October 1988 |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=20–28 |doi=10.1109/2.7054 |s2cid=1738798 |url=http://www-ti.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/~spruth/edumirror/xx067.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829211626/http://www-ti.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/~spruth/edumirror/xx067.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-29}}</ref> IBM began marketing its functionally similar PR/SM in 1988, implemented on its [[ESA/390]] architecture released that year. MDF-based LPAR technology continued to be developed separately by Amdahl, and [[Hitachi Data Systems]] in part for their implementations of the new architecture, which featured the introduction of [[access registers]] that allowed use of multiple [[data space]]s addressable by a single [[address space]]. IBM subsequently continued its LPAR development with its 64-bit [[System z]] and [[IBM AS/400]] architectures. LPAR and PR/SM reconfigurations can be made without rebooting the computer, i.e., while some LPARs remain active. Reconfigurations can include changing channel path definitions and device definitions.
z/VM supports the z/Architecture [[HiperSockets]] function for high-speed [[TCP/IP]] communication among virtual machines and logical partitions (LPARs) within the same IBM zSeries server. This function uses an adaptation of the Queued-Direct Input/Output (QDIO) high-speed I/O protocol.
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