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'''Personal knowledge networks''' is a method for an organization to identifying, capturing, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing knowledge within the organization. This method
==Origin ==
New models emerged for the continuous operation of knowledge management. Apart from formal arrangements for official alliances, individuals often know each other and interact beyond official duties, which can lead to knowledge flows and learning.<ref>F. Huber, “ Contextualising the Role of Extra-Firm Personal Networks as a Source of Work-Related Knowledge”, Organisational Learning, Knowledge and Capabilities (OLKC) Conference, Hull, UK, 2011</ref>
* '''Drawbacks of Traditional Knowledge Management'''
: Traditional Knowledge Management focuses more on technology rather than on social interaction.<ref>Delmonte, A.J. and Aronson, J.E. (2004) [http://www.tlainc.com/articl71.htm ‘The relationship between social interaction and knowledge management system success’], Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, Vol. 5.</ref> Organizations should first look to the culture inherent inside, which significantly affects the social interaction among members involved in.
* '''Technical Support from Social Network'''
:Social software provides an answer to its previous question. It is a means of giving people what they want in terms of their traditional knowledge management activities, in a way that also benefits the firm.<ref>Penny Edwards, (2009), Role of social software and networks in knowledge management. http://www.headshift.com/our-blog/2009/09/14/role-of-social-software-and-ne/ Retrieved 2012-11-03</ref>
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* '''Content-centric vs User-centric'''
:Content-based process is regarded as a major factor which leads to Knowledge Management's incompatibility in the current situation. In contrast, user-based process focuses on each individual in a learning process. That shifts the knowledge's driving force from a content database of organizations to learner(users) themselves. Furthermore, comparing with data or information, knowledge can only be evaluated or managed by individuals, which implies its identical feature.<ref>Wilson, T.D. (2002) [http://informationr.net/ir/8-1/paper144.html ‘The nonsense of ‘knowledge management’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226152909/http://www.informationr.net/ir/8-1/paper144.html |date=2017-12-26 }}, Information Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, p.144.</ref>
* '''
:In PKN model, knowledge learning is undertaken with a high consideration of its natural feature
* '''Top-down vs Bottom-up'''
: Top-down models and hierarchical controlled structures are the enemies of innovation.<ref>M. A. Chatti, M. Jarke, D. Frosch-Wilke, [http://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticle.php?artid=16702 The future of e-learning: a shift to knowledge networking and social software], International Journal of Knowledge and Learning, Vol. 3, No. 4. (2007)</ref> In general, learners, and knowledge workers love to learn, but they hate not to be given the freedom to decide how they learn and work (Cross,2003).<ref>Cross, J. (2003) [http://www.internettime.com/Learning/The%20Other%2080%25.htm ‘Informal learning – the other 80%’], Internet Time Group.</ref> For this fact, a better way in coping with this system is to let them develop and emerge naturally, in a
* '''Enforcement vs Voluntary'''
: Traditional KM mainly undertake a pushing model which passively sets the users by simply providing content and expecting the learning process will happen. This model is not sufficient to improve learners' motivation. Considering the dynamic and flexible nature of the learning process, LM, and KM approaches require a shift in emphasis from a knowledge-push to a knowledge-pull model.<ref>Naeve, A. (2005) ‘[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.134.655 The human semantic web – shifting from knowledge push to knowledge pull]’, International Journal of Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS), Vol. 1, No. 3, pp.1–30.</ref> PKN provides a more attractive platform, where users could locate content only with their needs from information repositories.
=== Application Aspect ===
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