Open Science Infrastructure: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:33, 6 April 2022

Revision as of 16:33, 11 September 2022

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{{Main|Cyberinfrastructure|e-Science}}

The development of the World-Wide Web had rendered numerous pre-existing scientific infrastructure obsolete. It also lifted numerous restrictions and obstacles to online contribution and network management that made it possible to attempt more ambitous project. By the end of the 1990s, the creation of public scientific computing infrastructure became a major policy issue<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Borgman|2007|p=21}}</ref>. The first wave of web-based scientific projects in the 1990s and the early 2000s revealed critical issues of sustainability. As funding was allocated on a specific time period, critical databases, online tools or publishing platforms could hardly be maintained<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Dacos|2013}}</ref> and project managers were faced with a ''valley of death'' "between grant funding and ongoing operational funding".<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Skinner|2019|p=6}}</ref>.

Several competing terms appeared to fill this need. In the United States, the ''cyber-infrastructure'' was used in a scientific context by a US National Science Foundation (NSF) blue-ribbon committee in 2003: "The newer term cyberinfrastructure refers to infrastructure based upon distributed computer, information and communication technology. If infrastructure is required for an industrial economy, then we could say that cyberinfrastructure is required for a knowledge economy."<ref>{{harvnb|Atkins|2003|p=5}}</ref> E-infrastructure or e-science were used in a similar meaning in the United Kingdom and European countries.