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==The DOS API and Windows==
In [[Windows 9x]], DOS loaded the protected-mode system and graphical shell. DOS was usually accessed from a [[virtual DOS machine]] (VDM) but it was also possible to boot directly to real mode [[MS-DOS 7.0]] without loading Windows. The DOS API was extended with enhanced internationalization support and [[long filename]] support, though the long filename support was only available in a VDM. With [[Windows 95]] OSR2, DOS was updated to 7.1, which added [[FAT32]] support, and functions were added to the DOS API to support this. [[Windows 98]] and [[Windows ME]] also implement the MS-DOS 7.1 API, though Windows ME reports itself as MS-DOS 8.0.
[[Windows NT]] and the systems based on it (e.g. [[Windows XP]] and [[Windows Vista]]) are not based on MS-DOS, but use a [[virtual machine]], [[NTVDM]], to handle the DOS API. NTVDM works by running a DOS program in [[virtual 8086 mode]] (an emulation of [[real mode]] within [[protected mode]] available on [[Intel 80386|80386]] and higher processors). NTVDM supports the DOS 5.0 API. [[DOSEMU]] for [[Linux]] uses a similar approach.
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