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==History and discovery==
{{further|History of molecular biology}}
[[Nucleic acid]]s were first discovered in 1868 by [[Friedrich Miescher],]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dahm R | title = Friedrich Miescher and the discovery of DNA | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 278 | issue = 2 | pages = 274–88 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15680349 | doi = 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.11.028 }}</ref> and by 1939, RNA had been implicated in [[protein biosynthesis|protein synthesis]].<ref>{{cite journal | journal=Nature | vauthors = Caspersson T, Schultz J | title = Pentose nucleotides in the cytoplasm of growing tissues | year = 1939 | volume = 143 | doi = 10.1038/143602c0 | pages =602–3 | issue = 3623 | bibcode = 1939Natur.143..602C | s2cid = 4140563 }}</ref> Two decades later, [[Francis Crick]] predicted a functional RNA component which mediated [[translation (genetics)|translation]]; he reasoned that RNA is better suited to base-pair with an mRNA transcript than a pure [[polypeptide]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Crick FH | title = On protein synthesis | journal = Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology | volume = 12 | pages = 138–63 | year = 1958 | pmid = 13580867 }}</ref>
[[Image:TRNA-Phe yeast 1ehz.png|thumb|250px|The cloverleaf structure of Yeast tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> (''inset'') and the 3D structure determined by X-ray analysis.]]
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