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== Microchip ICSP ==
For most Microchip microcontrollers, ICSP programming is performed using two pins, clock (PGC) and data (PGD), while a high voltage (12 V) is present on the Vpp/MCLR pin. Low voltage programming (5 V or 3.3 V) dispenses with the high voltage, but reserves exclusive use of an I/O pin. However, for newer microcontrollers, specifically PIC18F6XJXX/8XJXX microcontrollers families from [[Microchip Technology]], entering into ICSP modes is a bit different.<ref>http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/39644l.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Entering ICSP Program/Verify mode requires the following three steps:
# Voltage is briefly applied to the MCLR (master clear) pin.
# A 32-bit key sequence is presented on PGD.
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# '''USB cable''' - Small and light weight, has support for voltage source and most computers have extra ports available. The distance between the circuit to be programmed and the computer is limited by the length of USB cable - it must usually be less than 180 cm. This can make programming devices deep in machinery or cabinets a problem.
ICSP programmers have many advantages, with size, computer port availability, and power source being major features. Due to variations in the interconnect scheme and the target circuit surrounding a micro-controller, there is no programmer that works with ''''' all ''''' possible target circuits or interconnects.
PICs are programmed using five signals (a sixth pin 'aux' is provided but not used). The data is transferred using a two-wire synchronous serial scheme, three more wires provide programming and chip power. The clock signal is always controlled by the programmer.
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=== RJ11 pinout ===
[[File:Rj11-4-6 to icsp.jpg|thumb|RJ11 to ICSP PIC programmer]]An industry standard for using [[Registered jack#RJ11|RJ11 sockets]] with an ICSP programmer is supported by Microchip. The illustration represents information provided in their data sheets. However, there is room for confusion. The PIC data sheets show an inverted socket and do not provide a pictorial view of pinouts so it is unclear what side of the socket Pin 1 is located on. The illustration provided here is '''untested''' but uses the phone industry standard pinout (the RJ11 plug/socket was original developed for wired desktop phones).
==References==
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