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====Additional models====
The [[wave model]] was developed in the 1870s as an alternative to the tree model to represent the historical patterns of language diversification. Both the tree-based and the wave-based representations are compatible with the comparative method.<ref>[[#linkage|François
By contrast, some approaches are incompatible with the comparative method, including contentious [[glottochronology]] and even more controversial [[mass lexical comparison]] considered by most historical linguists to be flawed and unreliable.<ref>{{harvnb|Campbell|2004|p=201}}; {{harvnb|Lyovin|1997|p=8}}.</ref>
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* {{cite book|last=Crowley|first=Terry|author-link=Terry Crowley (linguist)|year=1992|title=An Introduction to Historical Linguistics|edition=2nd|___location=Auckland|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book|last=Fox|first=Anthony|year=1995|title=Linguistic Reconstruction: An Introduction to Theory and Method|___location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{citation|last=François|first=Alexandre|author-link=Alexandre François (linguist)|contribution=Trees, Waves and Linkages: Models of Language Diversification|editor1-last=Bowern|editor1-first=Claire|editor2-last=Evans|editor2-first=Bethwyn|title=The Routledge Handbook of Historical Linguistics|pages=161–189|publisher=Routledge|place=London|year=2014|isbn=978-0-41552-789-7|contribution-url=
* {{cite journal|last=Goddard|first=Ives|year=1974|title=An Outline of the Historical Phonology of Arapaho and Atsina|journal=International Journal of American Linguistics|volume=40|issue=2|pages=102–16|doi=10.1086/465292|s2cid=144253507}}
* {{cite book|last=Hock|author-link=Hans Henrich Hock|first=Hans Henrich|year=1991|title=Principles of Historical Linguistics|edition=2nd revised and updated|___location=Berlin|publisher=Walter de Gruyter}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Janda|first1=Richard D.|first2=Brian D.|last2=Joseph|year=1989|title=In Further Defence of a Non-Phonological Account for Sanskrit Root-Initial Aspiration Alternations|journal=Proceedings of the Fifth Eastern States Conference on Linguistics|pages=246–260|___location=Columbus, Ohio|publisher=Ohio State University Department of Linguistics|url=http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/publications/1989aspiration.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906214714/http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/publications/1989aspiration.pdf |archive-date=2006-09-06 |url-status=live|ref=CITEREFJanda1989}}
* {{citation|last1=Kalyan|first1=Siva|last2=François|first2=Alexandre|contribution=Freeing the Comparative Method from the tree model: A framework for Historical Glottometry|editor1-last=Kikusawa|editor1-first=Ritsuko|editor2-last=Reid|editor2-first=Laurie|title=Let's Talk about Trees: Genetic Relationships of Languages and Their Phylogenic Representation|series=Senri Ethnological Studies, 98|pages=59–89|publisher=National Museum of Ethnology|place=Ōsaka|year=2018|contribution-url=http://alex.francois.online.fr/data/Kalyan-
* {{cite book|last1=Kylstra|first1=A. D.|last2=Sirkka-Liisa|first2=Hahmo|first3=Tette|last3=Hofstra|first4=Osmo|last4=Nikkilä|year=1996|title=Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen|language=de|volume=Band II: K-O|___location=Amsterdam, Atlanta|publisher=Rodopi B.V.|ref=CITEREFKylstra1996}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Labov|first1=William|year=2007|title=Transmission and diffusion|url=http://www.ling.upenn.edu/%7Elabov/Papers/TD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921235628/http://www.ling.upenn.edu/%7Elabov/Papers/TD.pdf |archive-date=2017-09-21 |url-status=live|journal=Language|volume=83|issue=2|pages=344–387|doi=10.1353/lan.2007.0082|citeseerx=10.1.1.705.7860|s2cid=6255506}}
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