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In fact, there is some phase information in the spectrogram, but it appears in another form, as time delay (or [[group delay]]) which is the [[Dual (mathematics)|dual]] of the [[instantaneous frequency]].<ref name="Boashash1992">{{cite journal | last=Boashash | first=B. | title=Estimating and interpreting the instantaneous frequency of a signal. I. Fundamentals | journal=Proceedings of the IEEE | publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) | volume=80 | issue=4 | year=1992 | issn=0018-9219 | doi=10.1109/5.135376 | pages=520–538}}</ref>
The size and shape of the analysis window can be varied. A smaller (shorter) window will produce more accurate results in timing, at the expense of precision of frequency representation. A larger (longer) window will provide a more precise frequency representation, at the expense of precision in timing representation. This is an instance of the [[Heisenberg uncertainty principle]], that the product of the precision in two [[conjugate variables]] is greater than or equal to a constant (B*T>=1 in the usual notation).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fourier.eng.hmc.edu/e161/lectures/fourier/node2.html |title=
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