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{{Short description|
[[File:The Ryukyu Arc Map.png|thumb|upright=1.9|Map of the Ryukyu Arc. Red triangles represent volcanoes based on Aster Volcano Archive (NASA-METI) data. Contours in 1 km intervals. Figure made with GeoMapApp (www.geomapapp.org) / CC BY / CC BY (Ryan et al., 2009).<ref name="fig">{{Cite journal|last1=Ryan|first1=William B. F.|last2=Carbotte|first2=Suzanne M.|author-link2=Suzanne Carbotte|last3=Coplan|first3=Justin O.|last4=O'Hara|first4=Suzanne|last5=Melkonian|first5=Andrew|last6=Arko|first6=Robert|last7=Weissel|first7=Rose Anne|last8=Ferrini|first8=Vicki|last9=Goodwillie|first9=Andrew|last10=Nitsche|first10=Frank|last11=Bonczkowski|first11=Juliet|date=March 2009|title=Global Multi-Resolution Topography synthesis|journal=Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems|volume=10|issue=3|pages=n/a|doi=10.1029/2008gc002332|bibcode=2009GGG....10.3014R|issn=1525-2027|doi-access=free}}</ref>]]
The '''Ryukyu Arc''' is an [[island arc]] which extends from the south of [[Kyushu]] along the [[Ryukyu Islands]] to the northeast of [[Taiwan]], spanning about {{convert|1200|km|mi}}.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Kizaki |first1=K. |title=Tectonics of the Ryukyu Island Arc |journal=Journal of Physics of the Earth |date=1978 |volume=26 |issue=Supplement |pages=S301–S307 |doi=10.4294/jpe1952.26.Supplement_S301}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Shinjo |first1=R. |last2=Kato |first2=Y. |title=Geochemical constraints on the origin of bimodal magmatism at the Okinawa Trough, an incipient back-arc basin |journal=Lithos |date=2000 |volume=54 |issue=3–4 |pages=117–137 |doi=10.1016/S0024-4937(00)00034-7}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=J.-O. |last2=Tokuyama |first2=H. |last3=Shinohara |first3=M. |last4=Suyehiro |first4=K. |last5=Taira |first5=A. |title=Seismic record of tectonic evolution and backarc rifting in the southern Ryukyu island arc system |journal=Tectonophysics |date=1998 |volume=294 |issue=1–2 |pages=21–42 |doi=10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00150-4}}</ref> It is located along a section of the [[Convergent boundary|convergent plate boundary]] where the [[Philippine Sea Plate]] is subducting northwestward beneath the [[Eurasian Plate]] along the [[Ryukyu Trench]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{cite journal |last1=Shinjo |first1=R. |last2=Chung |first2=S.-L. |last3=Kato |first3=Y. |last4=Kimura |first4=M. |title=Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of volcanic rocks from the Okinawa Trough and Ryukyu Arc: Implications for the evolution of a young, intracontinental back arc basin |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |date=1999 |volume=104 |issue=B5 |pages=10591–10608 |doi=10.1029/1999JB900040}}</ref> The arc has an overall northeast to southwest trend and is located northwest of the [[Pacific Ocean]] and southeast of the [[East China Sea]].<ref name=":6">{{cite journal |last1=Nakae |first1=S. |title=The radiolarian evidence for the accretion of the Fu-saki Formation with the inferred oceanic plate stratigraphy: A case of weakly-metamorphosed accretionary complex in Ishigaki Jima, southern Ryukyu Arc, Japan |journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences |date=2013 |volume=73 |pages=21–30 |doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.04.022}}</ref> It runs parallel to the [[Okinawa Trough]], an active volcanic arc, and the Ryukyu Trench.<ref name=":5">{{cite journal |last1=Kizaki |first1=K. |title=Geology and tectonics of the Ryukyu Islands |journal=Tectonophysics |date=1986 |volume=125 |issue=1–3 |pages=193–207 |doi=10.1016/0040-1951(86)90014-4}}</ref> The Ryukyu Arc, based on its geomorphology, can be segmented from north to south into Northern Ryukyu, Central Ryukyu, and Southern Ryukyu; the Tokara Strait separates Northern Ryukyu and Central Ryukyu at about 130˚E while the [[Miyako Strait|Kerama Gap]] separates Central Ryukyu and Southern Ryukyu at about 127 ˚E.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> The geological units of the arc include [[Igneous rock|igneous]], [[Sedimentary rock|sedimentary]], and [[Metamorphic rock|metamorphic rocks]], ranging from the [[Paleozoic]] to [[Cenozoic]] in age.
== Geological setting ==
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