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=== Pointers and references ===
For pointer and reference types, the meaning of <code>const</code> is more complicated – either the pointer itself, or the value being pointed to, or both, can be <code>const</code>. Further, the syntax can be confusing. A pointer can be declared as a <code>const</code> pointer to writable value, or a writable pointer to a <code>const</code> value, or <code>const</code> pointer to <code>const</code> value. {{anchor|Pointee}}A <code>const</code> pointer cannot be reassigned to point to a different object from the one it is initially assigned, but it can be used to modify the value that it points to (called the ''pointee''). Reference variables in C++ are an alternate syntax for <code>const</code> pointers. A pointer to a <code>const</code> object, on the other hand, can be reassigned to point to another memory ___location (which should be an object of the same type or of a convertible type), but it cannot be used to modify the memory that it is pointing to. A <code>const</code> pointer to a <code>const</code> object can also be declared and can neither be used to modify the pointee nor be reassigned to point to another object. The following code illustrates these subtleties:
<syntaxhighlight lang=c>
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