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Where circuit costs are high and loss of voice quality is acceptable, it sometimes makes sense to compress the voice signal even further. An ADPCM algorithm is used to map a series of 8-bit μ-law or A-law PCM samples into a series of 4-bit ADPCM samples. In this way, the capacity of the line is doubled. The technique is detailed in the [[G.726]] standard.
[[Audio coding formats]] and [[audio codecs]] have been developed to achieve further compression. Some of these techniques have been standardized and patented. Advanced compression techniques, such as [[modified discrete cosine transform]] (MDCT) and [[linear predictive coding]] (LPC), are now widely used in [[mobile phones]], [[voice over IP]] (VoIP) and [[streaming media]].
==Encoding for serial transmission==
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