In [[computer programming]], '''create, read, update, and delete'''('''CRUD''') are the four basic operations of [[persistent storage]].<ref name=" james- martin">{{ cite book |last= Martin |first= James |author-link= James Martin (author) |year=1983year1983 |title= Managing the Data-base Environment |publisher= Prentice- Hall |place= Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey |isbn=0-135-50582-8 0135505828 |page=381page381 |url=httpsurlhttps://archive.org/details/managingdatabase00martmanagingdatabase/page/381}}</ref>CRUDrefCRUD is also sometimes used to describe [[user interface]] conventionsinterfaceconventions that facilitate viewing, searching, and changing information using computer-based [[form (document)|form]]sforms and [[report]]sreports. The term was likely first popularized by [[James Martin (author)|James Martin]] in his 1983 book ''Managing the Data-baseDatabase environment''.
