Wikipedia

History of Microsoft SQL Server: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
WikiCleanerBot (talk | contribs)
Bots
1,007,735 edits
m v2.05b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation)
m script-assisted date audit and style fixes per MOS:NUM, American English
Line 1:
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
The '''history of Microsoft SQL Server''' begins with the first [[Microsoft SQL Server]] database product – SQL Server v1.0, a 16-bit [[relational database]] for the [[OS/2]] operating system, released in 1989.
 
Line 71 ⟶ 73:
|{{Version|o|7.0}}
|1998
|31 December 31, 2005
|11 January 11, 2011
|SQL Server 7.0
|Sphinx
Line 87 ⟶ 89:
|{{Version|o|8.0}}
|2000
|8 April 8, 2008
|9 April 9, 2013
|SQL Server 2000
|Shiloh
Line 102 ⟶ 104:
|-
|{{Version|o|9.0}}
|14 January 14, 2006
|12 April 12, 2011
|12 April 12, 2016
|SQL Server 2005
|Yukon
Line 110 ⟶ 112:
|-
|{{Version|o|10.0}}
|6 November 6, 2008
|8 July 8, 2014
|9 July 9, 2019
|SQL Server 2008
|Katmai
Line 126 ⟶ 128:
|-
|{{Version|o|10.50}}
|20 July 20, 2010
|8 July 8, 2014
|9 July 9, 2019
|SQL Server 2008 R2
|Kilimanjaro (aka KJ)
Line 134 ⟶ 136:
|-
|{{Version|o|11.0}}
|20 May 20, 2012
|11 July 11, 2017
|12 July 12, 2022
|SQL Server 2012
|Denali
Line 150 ⟶ 152:
|-
|{{Version|co|12.0}}
|5 June 5, 2014
|9 July 9, 2019
|9 July 9, 2024
|SQL Server 2014
|Hekaton
Line 158 ⟶ 160:
|-
|{{Version|co|13.0}}
|1 June 1, 2016
|13 July 13, 2021
|14 July 14, 2026
|SQL Server 2016
|SQL16
Line 166 ⟶ 168:
|-
|{{Version|co|14.0}}
|29 September 29, 2017
|11 October 11, 2022
|12 October 12, 2027
|SQL Server 2017
|Helsinki
Line 174 ⟶ 176:
|-
|{{Version|co|15.0}}
|4 November 4, 2019
|14 January 14, 2025
|8 January 8, 2030
|SQL Server 2019
|Seattle
Line 182 ⟶ 184:
|-
|{{Version|c|16.0}}
|16 November 16, 2022
|11 January 11, 2028
|11 January 11, 2033
|SQL Server 2022
|Dallas
Line 205 ⟶ 207:
 
===SQL Server 2000===
SQL Server 2000 included more modifications and extensions to the Sybase code base, adding support for the [[IA-64]] architecture (now out of "mainstream" support<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2516742/computer-hardware/microsoft-ending-support-for-itanium.html|title=Microsoft ending support for Itanium|date=4 April 4, 2010}}</ref>). By SQL Server 2005 the legacy Sybase code had been completely rewritten.<ref name="Scriptcase">{{cite web|url=http://www.scriptcase.net/blog/all-about-the-history-of-sql-server/|title=All about the History of SQL Server|website=Scriptcase.net.|date=August 14, 2013|accessdate=2016-08-August 15, 2016}}</ref>
 
Since the release of SQL Server 2000, advances have been made in performance, the client IDE tools, and several complementary systems that are packaged with SQL Server 2005. These include:
Line 218 ⟶ 220:
With the release of Service Pack 3, Microsoft also released the first 64-bit version of the SQL Server for the [[Itanium]] IA-64 platform. (not to be confused with the [[x86-64]] platform) Only the SQL Server relational engine and SQL Agent were ported to Itanium at this time. Client tools, such as Enterprise Manager, would still need to be run from 32-bit x86 clients. The first release of SQL IA-64 was version 8.00.760, with a build date of February 6, 2003.
 
Mainstream Support Ended on April 8, 2008, and Extended Support Ended April 9, 2013.
 
===SQL Server 2005===
SQL Server 2005 (formerly codenamed "Yukon") released in November 2005. It included native support for managing [[XML]] data, in addition to [[relational database|relational data]]. For this purpose, it defined an <code>xml</code> [[data type]] that could be used either as a data type in database columns or as [[Literal (computer science)|literal]]s in queries. XML columns can be associated with [[XSD]] schemas; XML data being stored is verified against the schema. XML is converted to an internal binary data type before being stored in the database. Specialized indexing methods were made available for XML data. XML data is queried using [[XQuery]]; SQL Server 2005 added some extensions to the [[T-SQL]] language to allow embedding XQuery queries in T-SQL. It also defines a new extension to XQuery, called XML DML, that allows query-based modifications to XML data. SQL Server 2005 also allows a database server to be exposed over [[web service]]s using [[Tabular Data Stream]] (TDS) packets encapsulated within [[SOAP (protocol)]] requests. When the data is accessed over web services, results are returned as XML.<ref name="Database Engine XML Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms170809.aspx|title=Database Engine XML Enhancements|accessdate=December 3, 2007-12-03}}</ref>
 
[[Common Language Runtime]] (CLR) integration was introduced with this version, enabling one to write SQL code as Managed Code by the CLR. For relational data, [[T-SQL]] has been augmented with error handling features (try/catch) and support for recursive queries with CTEs (Common Table Expressions). SQL Server 2005 has also been enhanced with new indexing algorithms, syntax and better error recovery systems. Data pages are [[checksum]]med for better error resiliency, and optimistic concurrency support has been added for better performance. Permissions and access control have been made more granular and the query processor handles concurrent execution of queries in a more efficient way. Partitions on tables and indexes are supported natively, so scaling out a database onto a [[Cluster (computing)|cluster]] is easier. SQL CLR was introduced with SQL Server 2005 to let it integrate with the .NET Framework.<ref name="Database Engine Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms170910.aspx|title=Database Engine Enhancements|accessdate=December 3, 2007-12-03}}</ref>
 
SQL Server 2005 introduced [[Multiversion concurrency control|Multi-Version Concurrency Control]] (MVCC). User facing features include new transaction isolation level called SNAPSHOT and a variation of the READ COMMITTED isolation level based on statement-level data snapshots.
Line 233 ⟶ 235:
SQL Server 2005 was the first version with native support for the [[x86-64|x64]] platform.<ref name="The Definitive Guide to Scaling Out SQL Server 2005">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhkaNTEGCdgC&pg=PA218|title=The Definitive Guide to Scaling Out SQL Server 2005 Edition|author=Don Jones|year=2005|publisher=realtimepublishers.com|isbn=9781931491532}}</ref>
 
Service Pack 1 (SP1) of SQL Server 2005 introduced Database Mirroring, a high availability option that provides redundancy and failover capabilities at the database level.<ref name="database mirroring">{{cite web|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/907741|title=Issues to consider when you use the database mirroring feature in the initial release of SQL Server 2005|publisher=Support.microsoft.com|date=2007-11-November 20, 2007|accessdate=September 4, 2011-09-04}}</ref> Failover can be performed manually or can be configured for automatic failover. Automatic failover requires a witness partner and an operating mode of synchronous (also known as high-safety or full safety).<ref name="Automatic Failover">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189590.aspx|title=Automatic Failover|publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|accessdate=September 4, 2011-09-04}}</ref> Database Mirroring was included in the first release of SQL Server 2005 for evaluation purposes only. Prior to SP1, it was not enabled by default, and was not supported by Microsoft.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
 
Service Pack 1 was released on April 18, 2006, Service Pack 2 released on February 19, 2007, Service Pack 3 was released on December 15, 2008, and SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 4 released on December 13, 2010.
Line 240 ⟶ 242:
 
===SQL Server 2008===
SQL Server 2008 (formerly codenamed "Katmai")<ref name="2k8">{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/sql/prodinfo/futureversion/default.mspx|title=Microsoft SQL Server 2008|website=[[Microsoft]]|accessdate=April 6, 2007-04-06}}</ref><ref name="PaulFlessner">{{cite web|title=ChannelWeb: Next SQL Server stop: Katmai|url=http://www.crn.com/storage/170702999|accessdate=November 5, 2005-11-05|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322212538/http://www.crn.com/storage/170702999|archivedate=2007-03-March 22, 2007}}</ref> was released on August 6, 2008, announced to the SQL Server Special Interest Group at the ESRI 2008 User's Conference on August 6, 2008, by Ed Katibah (Spatial Program Manager at Microsoft), and aims to make data management [[self-tuning]], self organizing, and self maintaining with the development of ''SQL Server Always On'' technologies, to provide near-zero downtime. SQL Server 2008 also includes support for [[structured data|structured]] and semi-structured data, including digital media formats for pictures, audio, video and other multimedia data. In current versions, such multimedia data can be stored as [[Binary large object|BLOBs]] (binary large objects), but they are generic bitstreams. Intrinsic awareness of multimedia data will allow specialized functions to be performed on them. According to [[Paul Flessner]], senior Vice President of Server Applications at Microsoft, SQL Server 2008 can be a data storage backend for ''different varieties of data: XML, email, time/calendar, file, document, spatial, etc.'' as well as perform ''search, query, analysis, sharing, and synchronization'' across all data types.<ref name="PaulFlessner"/>
 
Other new data types include specialized date and time types and a ''Spatial'' data type for ___location-dependent data.<ref name="iWeek">{{cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/software/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199500164&subSection=Development|title=Microsoft Gives Peek At Next Version Of SQL Server|accessdate=2007-05-May 11, 2007}}</ref> Better support for unstructured and semi-structured data is provided using the new ''FILESTREAM''<ref name="mary">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.zdnet.com/microsoft/?p=937|title=One more test build to go for SQL Server 2008|accessdate=2006-11-November 13, 2006}}</ref> data type, which can be used to reference any file stored on the file system.<ref name="Kummert">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/stevengu/archive/2007/11/13/guest-blogger-ted-kummert.aspx|title=Guest Blogger: Ted Kummert|accessdate=2007-11-November 20, 2007}}</ref> Structured data and metadata about the file is stored in SQL Server database, whereas the unstructured component is stored in the file system. Such files can be accessed both via [[Win32]] file handling [[API]]s as well as via SQL Server using [[T-SQL]]; doing the latter accesses the file data as a BLOB. Backing up and restoring the database backs up or restores the referenced files as well.<ref name="kleinerman">{{cite web|url=http://channel9.msdn.com/Showpost.aspx?postid=387069|title=SQL Server 2008 for developers|author=Christian Kleinerman|publisher=[[Channel 9 (Microsoft)|Channel 9]]|accessdate=March 7, 2008-03-07}}</ref> SQL Server 2008 also natively supports hierarchical data, and includes [[T-SQL]] constructs to directly deal with them, without using recursive queries.<ref name="kleinerman"/>
 
The [[full-text search]] functionality has been integrated with the database engine. According to a Microsoft technical article, this simplifies management and improves performance.<ref name="Full-Text Search">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc721269.aspx|title=SQL Server 2008 Full-Text Search: Internals and Enhancements|author=Fernando Azpeitia Lopez}}</ref>
 
Spatial data will be stored in two types. A "Flat Earth" (GEOMETRY or planar) data type represents geospatial data which has been projected from its native, spherical, coordinate system into a plane. A "Round Earth" data type (GEOGRAPHY) uses an ellipsoidal model in which the Earth is defined as a single continuous entity which does not suffer from the singularities such as the international dateline, poles, or map projection zone "edges". Approximately 70 methods are available to represent spatial operations for the Open Geospatial Consortium [[Simple Features for SQL]], Version 1.1.<ref name="Spatial Support">{{cite web|url=http://www.directionsmag.com/editorials.php?article_id=2477&trv=1|title=Microsoft Shares Details on SQL Server 2008 Spatial Support by Directions Staff|accessdate=September 7, 2007-09-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808001216/http://www.directionsmag.com/editorials.php?article_id=2477&trv=1|archivedate=August 8, 2007-08-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
SQL Server includes better compression features, which also helps in improving scalability.<ref name="Features of SQL 2008">{{cite web|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc721270%28SQL.100%29.aspx|title=Features of SQL 2008|publisher=Technet.microsoft.com|date=2009-02-February 12, 2009|accessdate=September 4, 2011-09-04}}</ref> It enhanced the indexing algorithms and introduced the notion of filtered indexes. It also includes ''Resource Governor'' that allows reserving resources for certain users or workflows. It also includes capabilities for [[transparent data encryption|transparent encryption of data]] (TDE) as well as compression of backups.<ref name="mary"/> SQL Server 2008 supports the [[ADO.NET Entity Framework]] and the reporting tools, replication, and data definition will be built around the [[Entity Data Model]].<ref name="Entity Data Platform">{{cite web|url=http://oakleafblog.blogspot.com/2007/05/sql-server-to-deliver-entity-data.html|title=SQL Server "Katmai" to Deliver Entity Data Platform and Support LINQ|accessdate=2007-05-May 12, 2007}}</ref> [[SQL Server Reporting Services]] will gain charting capabilities from the integration of the data visualization products from [[Dundas Data Visualization, Inc.]], which was acquired by Microsoft.<ref name="Tech-Ed 2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/news_press_release,115898.shtml|title=Microsoft Details Dynamic IT Strategy at Tech-Ed 2007|accessdate=June 4, 2007-06-04}}</ref> On the management side, SQL Server 2008 includes the ''Declarative Management Framework'' which allows configuring policies and constraints, on the entire database or certain tables, declaratively.<ref name="iWeek"/> The version of [[SQL Server Management Studio]] included with SQL Server 2008 supports [[IntelliSense]] for SQL queries against a SQL Server 2008 Database Engine.<ref name="IntelliSense">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173434.aspx|title=SQL Server IntelliSense|accessdate=2008-08-August 18, 2008}}</ref> SQL Server 2008 also makes the databases available via [[Windows PowerShell]] providers and management functionality available as [[Cmdlets]], so that the server and all the running instances can be managed from [[Windows PowerShell]].<ref name="PowerShell">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/archive/2007/11/13/sql-server-support-for-powershell.aspx|title=SQL Server Support for PowerShell!|accessdate=December 3, 2007-12-03}}</ref> '''
 
The final SQL Server 2008 service pack (10.00.6000, Service Pack 4) was released on September 30, 2014.<ref name="Service Pack 4">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlreleaseservices/archive/2014/09/30/sql-server-2008-service-pack-4-has-released.aspx|website=SQL Release Services Blog|title=SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 4 has released|accessdate=October 1, 2014-10-01}}</ref>
 
SQL Server 2008 had mainstream support until July 8, 2014, and extended support until July 9, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2008 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/microsoft-sql-server-2008|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref> [[volume licensing|Volume licensed]] Standard, Web, Enterprise, Workgroup and Datacenter editions of SQL Server 2008 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name=ESU4SQL(Doc)>{{cite web|title=What are Extended Security Updates for SQL Server?|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/end-of-support/sql-server-extended-security-updates|website=Microsoft Documentation}}</ref> The first term of yearly installment ended on 14 July 14, 2020, the second term ended on July 13, 2021, and the third term ended on July 12, 2022.<ref name=SQL2008ESU(Blog)>{{cite web|title=Announcing new options for SQL Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 End of Support|first=Takeshi|last=Numoto|url=https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/announcing-new-options-for-sql-server-2008-and-windows-server-2008-end-of-support|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030193930/https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/announcing-new-options-for-sql-server-2008-and-windows-server-2008-end-of-support|date=July 12, 2018|archivedate=October 30, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Products_with_ESU>{{cite web|title=Lifecycle FAQ - Extended Security Updates|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/faq/extended-security-updates|website=Microsoft Documentation}}</ref> Those volume licensed editions rehosted on [[Microsoft Azure]] automatically receive ESUs until 11 July 11, 2023.<ref name=SQL2012ESU(Reminder)>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012/2012 R2 end of support|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/announcements/sql-server-2012-windows-server-2012-2012-r2-end-of-support|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703155353/https://20220703155353/docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/announcements/sql-server-2012-windows-server-2012-2012-r2-end-of-support|date=June 29, 2022|archivedate=July 3, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog)>{{cite web|title=Know your options for SQL Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 End of Support|first=Debbi|last=Lyons|first2=Vijay|last2=Kumar|url=https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2021/07/14/know-your-options-for-sql-server-2012-and-windows-server-2012-end-of-support|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714150745/https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2021/07/14/know-your-options-for-sql-server-2012-and-windows-server-2012-end-of-support|date=July 14, 2021|archivedate=July 14, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog2)>{{cite web|title=Move end-of-support SQL Server 2012 to Azure Virtual Machines and save|first=Logan|last=Carrington|url=https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2022/03/24/move-end-of-support-sql-server-2012-to-azure-virtual-machines-and-save|date=March 24, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325031012/https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2022/03/24/move-end-of-support-sql-server-2012-to-azure-virtual-machines-and-save|archivedate=March 25, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog3)>{{cite web|title= SQL Server 2012 reaches end of support and Microsoft is here to help|first=Jessica|last=Hawk|url=https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2022/07/12/sql-server-2012-reaches-end-of-support-and-microsoft-is-here-to-help|date=July 12, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712160411/https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2022/07/12/sql-server-2012-reaches-end-of-support-and-microsoft-is-here-to-help|archivedate=July 12, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
===SQL Server 2008 R2===
SQL Server 2008 R2 (10.50.1600.1, formerly codenamed "Kilimanjaro") was announced at TechEd 2009, and was [[released to manufacturing]] on April 21, 2010.<ref name="SQL Server 2008 R2">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.technet.com/sqlserverexperts/archive/2010/04/21/sql-server-2008-r2-launches.aspx|title=SQL Server 2008 R2 Launches!|accessdate=2010-04-April 21, 2010}}</ref> SQL Server 2008 R2 adds certain features to SQL Server 2008 including a [[master data management]] system branded as [[Microsoft SQL Server Master Data Services|Master Data Services]], a central management of master data entities and hierarchies.
Also Multi Server Management, a centralized console to manage multiple SQL Server 2008 instances and services including relational databases, Reporting Services, Analysis Services & Integration Services.<ref name="Innovations">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.technet.com/dataplatforminsider/archive/2009/05/11/teched-2009-new-sql-server-innovations.aspx|publisher=MSDN Blogs|author=SQL Server Team|accessdate=2009-05-May 12, 2009|title=TechEd 2009&nbsp;– New SQL Server Innovations}}</ref>
 
SQL Server 2008 R2 includes a number of new services,<ref name="Networkworld">{{cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/reviews/2010/050310-microsoft-sql-server-2008-test.html?ap1=rcb|title=Review: Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2|publisher=Networkworld.com|date=May 3, 2010-05-03|accessdate=2013-06-June 15, 2013}}</ref> including [[PowerPivot]] for [[MS Excel|Excel]] and [[SharePoint]], [[Master Data Services]], [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/ee476990.aspx StreamInsight], [[Report Builder]] 3.0, [https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/ff660783.aspx Reporting Services] Add-in for SharePoint, a Data-tier function in Visual Studio that enables packaging of tiered databases as part of an application, and a SQL Server Utility named UC (Utility Control Point), part of AMSM (Application and Multi-Server Management) that is used to manage multiple SQL Servers.<ref name="Multi-Server Management">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee364757%28SQL.100%29.aspx|title=SQL SQL Server 2008 R2 Application and Multi-Server Management|accessdate=June 6, 2010-06-06}}</ref>
 
The first SQL Server 2008 R2 service pack (10.50.2500, Service Pack 1) was released on July 11, 2011.<ref name="SQL Server® 2008 R2 SP1">{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=26727|title=Microsoft® SQL Server® 2008 R2 SP1|website=[[Microsoft]]|accessdate=2011-09-September 19, 2011}}</ref> The second SQL Server 2008 R2 service pack (10.50.4000, Service Pack 2) was released on July 26, 2012.<ref name="SQL Server® 2008 R2 SP2">{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=30437|title=Microsoft® SQL Server® 2008 R2 SP2|website=[[Microsoft]]|accessdate=2012-07-July 31, 2012}}</ref> The final SQL Server 2008 R2 service pack (10.50.6000, Service Pack 3) was released on September 26, 2014.<ref name="SQL Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 3">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlreleaseservices/archive/2014/09/26/sql-server-2008-r2-service-pack-3-has-released.aspx|website=SQL Release Services Blog|title=SQL Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 3 has released|accessdate=October 1, 2014-10-01}}</ref>
 
SQL 2008 R2 would be the last version of SQL Server to run on the [[Itanium]] (IA-64) platform. However, the x64 platform would continue on in force. Extended support for SQL Server on Itanium would continue until 2018. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://rcpmag.com/articles/2010/04/05/microsoft-dropping-itanium-support.aspx|title=Microsoft Dropping Itanium Support -}}</ref>
 
SQL Server 2008 R2 had mainstream support until July 8, 2014, and extended support until July 9, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2008 R2 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/microsoft-sql-server-2008-r2|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref> [[volume licensing|Volume licensed]] Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter and Embedded editions of SQL Server 2008 R2 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name=ESU4SQL(Doc)/> The first term of yearly installment ended on 14 July 14, 2020, the second term ended on July 13, 2021, and the third term ended on July 12, 2022.<ref name=SQL2008ESU(Blog)/><ref name=Products_with_ESU/> Those volume licensed editions rehosted on [[Microsoft Azure]] automatically receive ESUs until 11 July 11, 2023.<ref name=SQL2012ESU(Reminder)/>
 
===SQL Server 2012===
Line 271 ⟶ 273:
It was announced to be the last version to natively support [[OLE DB]] and instead to prefer [[ODBC]] for native connectivity.<ref name="ODBC">{{cite web|title=Microsoft is Aligning with ODBC for Native Relational Data Access&nbsp;— FAQ|url=http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/sqldataaccess/thread/e696d0ac-f8e2-4b19-8a08-7a357d3d780f|work=SQL Server Forums|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=March 7, 2012|last=Lam|first=Rohan}}</ref>
 
SQL Server 2012's new features and enhancements include Always On SQL Server Failover Cluster Instances and Availability Groups which provides a set of options to improve database availability,<ref name="Availability Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645581(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Availability Enhancements (Database Engine)|publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|accessdate=2013-06-June 15, 2013}}</ref> Contained Databases which simplify the moving of databases between instances, new and modified Dynamic Management Views and Functions,<ref name="Manageability Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645579(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Manageability Enhancements (Database Engine)|publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|date=2011-07-July 13, 2011|accessdate=2013-06-June 15, 2013}}</ref> programmability enhancements including new spatial features,<ref name="Aitchison2012">{{cite book|author=Alastair Aitchison|title=Pro Spatial with SQL Server 2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NdvJXu7hT8oC&pg=PA21|year=2012|publisher=Apress|isbn=978-1-4302-3491-3|pages=21–23}}</ref> metadata discovery, sequence objects and the THROW statement,<ref name="Programmability Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645577(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Programmability Enhancements (Database Engine)|publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|accessdate=2013-06-June 15, 2013}}</ref> performance enhancements such as ColumnStore Indexes as well as improvements to OnLine and partition level operations and security enhancements including provisioning during setup, new permissions, improved role management, and default schema assignment for groups.<ref name="Scalability and Performance Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645580(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Scalability and Performance Enhancements (Database Engine)|publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|accessdate=2013-06-June 15, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Security Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645578(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Security Enhancements (Database Engine)|publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|accessdate=2013-06-June 15, 2013}}</ref>
 
SQL Server 2012 had mainstream support until July 11, 2017, and extended support until July 12, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2012 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/microsoft-sql-server-2012|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Reminder)/> All volume licensed editions of SQL Server 2012 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name=ESU4SQL(Doc)/> The first term of yearly installment will end on 11 July 11, 2023, the second term will end on July 9, 2024, and the third and final term will end on July 8, 2025.<ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog)/><ref name=Products_with_ESU/> Those volume licensed editions rehosted on [[Microsoft Azure]] automatically receive ESUs until July 8, 2025.<ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog3)/><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog2)/>
 
===SQL Server 2014===
SQL Server 2014 was released to manufacturing on March 18, 2014, and released to the general public on April 1, 2014, and the build number was 12.0.2000.8 at release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.faceofit.com/list-of-sql-server-versions-build-numbers-and-service-packs|title=List of SQL Server Versions Build Numbers and Service Packs|date=9 May 9, 2016}}</ref> Until November 2013 there were two CTP revisions, CTP1 and CTP2.<ref name="CTP2">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/data__knowledge__intelligence/archive/2013/10/17/sql-server-2014-ctp2-is-now-available.aspx|title=SQL Server 2014&nbsp;– CTP2 is now available|first=Deepthi|last=Anantharam|work=MSDN blogs|date=October 16, 2013|accessdate=2016-08-August 15, 2016}}</ref> SQL Server 2014 provides a new in-memory capability for tables that can fit entirely in memory (also known as [[Hekaton (database)|Hekaton]]). Whilst small tables may be entirely resident in memory in all versions of SQL Server, they also may reside on disk, so work is involved in reserving [[Random-access memory|RAM]], writing evicted pages to disk, loading new pages from disk, locking the pages in RAM while they are being operated on, and many other tasks. By treating a table as guaranteed to be entirely resident in memory much of the 'plumbing' of disk-based databases can be avoided.<ref name="SQL Server 2012-2014-Explore">[http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/sql-server-2014.aspx SQL Server 2012-2014-Explore. Server Cloud. Microsoft.com (2013-04-17). Retrieved on 2014-03-23]</ref>
 
For disk-based SQL Server applications, it also provides the SSD Buffer Pool Extension, which can improve performance by cache between [[Random-access memory|RAM]] and spinning media.
Line 282 ⟶ 284:
SQL Server 2014 also enhances the Always On (HADR) solution by increasing the readable secondaries count and sustaining read operations upon secondary-primary disconnections, and it provides new hybrid disaster recovery and backup solutions with Microsoft Azure, enabling customers to use existing skills with the on-premises version of SQL Server to take advantage of Microsoft's global datacenters. In addition, it takes advantage of new Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 capabilities for database application scalability in a physical or virtual environment.
 
Microsoft provides three versions of SQL Server 2014 for downloading: the one that runs on [[Microsoft Azure]], the SQL Server 2014 CAB, and SQL Server 2014 ISO.<ref name="Testversion">{{cite web|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/de-DE/evalcenter/dn205290.aspx|title=Laden Sie die Testversion herunter: Microsoft SQL Server 2014|language=German|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=November 5, 2014-11-05}}</ref>
 
SQL Server 2014 SP1, consisting primarily of bugfixes, was released on May 15, 2015.<ref name="SQL Server 2014 Service Pack 1">{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2014 Service Pack 1 release information|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3058865|website=Microsoft.com|publisher=Microsoft, Inc.|accessdate=17 May 17, 2015}}</ref>
 
SQL Server 2014 is the last version available on x86/IA32 architecture.<ref name="2016 Requirements"/>
Line 296 ⟶ 298:
|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506(v=sql.130).aspx
|publisher=msdn.microsoft.com
|date=May 2, 2016-05-02
|accessdate=2016-07-July 28, 2016
}}
</ref>
Line 310 ⟶ 312:
|last=Lardinois
|first=Frederic
|date=2017-07-July 17, 2017
|website=TechCrunch
|publisher=Oath Inc.
|access-date=September 5, 2017-09-05
|quote=The company today launched the first release candidate of SQL Server 2017, which will be the first version to run on Windows, Linux and in Docker containers. The Docker container alone has already seen more than 1 million pulls, so there can be no doubt that there is a lot of interest in this new version.
}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/dataplatforminsider/2017/10/02/sql-server-2017-on-windows-linux-and-docker-is-now-generally-available/|title=SQL Server 2017 on Windows Linux and Docker is now generally available|date=2 October 2, 2017}}</ref>
 
===SQL Server 2019===
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_SQL_Server"