Comparison of user features of operating systems: Difference between revisions

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Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the [[Apple Lisa|Lisa]] and [[Macintosh]] (eventually settled in court in Microsoft's favor in 1993). On PCs, Windows is still the most popular operating system in all countries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Operating System Market Share Worldwide|url=https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share#monthly-202012-202012-map|access-date=5 January 2021|website=StatCounter Global Stats|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Desktop Operating System Market Share Worldwide|url=https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop/worldwide/#monthly-202012-202012-map|access-date=5 January 2021|website=StatCounter Global Stats|language=en}}</ref> However, in 2014, Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to [[Android (operating system)|Android]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2490008/microsoft-gets-real--admits-its-device-share-is-just-14-.html|title=Microsoft gets real, admits its device share is just 14%|last=Keizer|first=Gregg|date=14 July 2014|website=[[Computerworld]]|publisher=[[IDG]]|quote=[Microsoft's chief operating officer] Turner's 14% came from a new forecast released last week by Gartner, which estimated Windows' share of the shipped device market last year was 14%, and would decrease slightly to 13.7% in 2014. Android will dominate, Gartner said, with a 48% share this year|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821210826/http://www.computerworld.com/article/2490008/microsoft-windows/microsoft-gets-real--admits-its-device-share-is-just-14-.html|archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref> because of the massive growth in sales of Android [[smartphone]]s. In 2014, the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold. This comparison, however, may not be fully relevant, as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms. Still, numbers for server use of Windows (that are comparable to competitors) show one third market share, similar to that for end user use. <!--Server share varies by types of servers, web server numbers most easily attained.-->

{{As of|2020|10}}, the most recent version of Windows for PCs, [[tablet computers|tablet]]s and [[embedded system|embedded devices]] is [[Windows 10]], version 20H2. The most recent version for [[Server (computing)|server computers]] is [[Windows Server]], version 20H2.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/search?alpha=Windows%20Server%20version%202004%20(Datacenter%20Standard))|title=Microsoft|website=support.microsoft.com|access-date=28 May 2019}}</ref> [[Xbox One system software|A specialized version of Windows]] also runs on the [[Xbox One]] [[video game console]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wccftech.com/xbox-one-architecture-explained-runs-windows-8-virtually-indistinguishable/|title=Xbox One Architecture Finally Explained – Runs OS 'Virtually Indistinguishable' from Windows 8|work=WCCFtech|date=20 April 2014 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906020456/http://wccftech.com/xbox-one-architecture-explained-runs-windows-8-virtually-indistinguishable/|archive-date=6 September 2015}}</ref>

===Windows 95===

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[[Windows shell#Charms|Charms]] have been removed; their functionality in universal apps is accessed from an ''App commands'' menu on their title bar.<ref name="verge-win10" /><ref name="tomsguide-unveiled" /> In its place is Action Center, which displays notifications and settings toggles. It is accessed by clicking an icon in the notification area, or dragging from the right of the screen. Notifications can be synced between multiple devices.<ref name="verge-win10" /><ref name="verge-closerlook">{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/28/7927109/windows-10-features-hands-on|title=Windows 10: a closer look at the future of Microsoft's vision for PCs|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=28 January 2015|website=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> The Settings app (formerly PC Settings) was refreshed and now includes more options that were previously exclusive to the desktop [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]].<ref name="pcpro-settingsmenu">{{cite web|url=http://www.alphr.com/microsoft/microsoft-windows-10/25290/windows-10-uk-release-everything-you-need-to-know|title=Windows 10 review: Technical Preview (January 2015)|date=29 July 2015|website=PC Pro|access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=cnet-settingsmenu>{{cite web |title=Windows 10 Settings Menu: The System tab |url=http://www.cnet.com/how-to/windows-10-settings-menu-the-system-tab/ |website=CNET |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref>

Windows 10 is designed to adapt its user interface based on the type of device being used and available input methods. It offers two separate user interface modes: a user interface optimized for mouse and keyboard, and a "Tablet mode" designed for touchscreens. Users can toggle between these two modes at any time, and Windows can prompt or automatically switch when certain events occur, such as disabling Tablet mode on a tablet if a keyboard or mouse is plugged in, or when a [[2-in-1 PC]] is switched to its laptop state. In Tablet mode, programs default to a maximized view, and the taskbar contains a back button and hides buttons for opened or pinned programs by default; Task View is used instead to switch between programs. The full screen Start menu is used in this mode, similarly to Windows 8, but scrolls vertically instead of horizontally.<ref name="verge-continuum">{{cite web |title=Watch how Windows 10 works with touch interfaces |url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/9/30/6873963/windows-10-continuum-touch-interface |website=[[The Verge]] |date=30 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref><ref name=thurrotcom-tablet1>{{cite web|title=Windows 10 Technical Preview 2: Configure Tablet Mode|url=https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/3116/windows-10-technical-preview-2-configure-tablet-mode|website=Thurrott.com|date=23 April 2015|access-date=16 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=thurrotcom-tablet2>{{cite webnews|title=Windows 10 Technical Preview 2: Continuum and Tablet Mode|url=https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/2240/windows-10-technical-preview-2-continuum-and-tablet-mode|website=Thurrott.com|date=20 March 2015|access-date=16 July 2015|last1=Thurrott |first1=Paul }}</ref><ref name=winbeta-w10touch>{{cite web|last1=Bowden|first1=Zack|title=Windows 10: The tablet experience is better than ever (with video)|url=http://www.winbeta.org/news/windows-10-tablet-experience-better-ever|website=WinBeta|date=3 July 2015|access-date=16 July 2015}}</ref>

==Apple Macintosh==

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All system icons are scalable up to 512×512 pixels as of [[Mac OS X Leopard|version 10.5]] to accommodate various places where they appear in larger size, including for example the [[Cover Flow]] view, a [[3D computer graphics|three-dimensional]] graphical user interface included with [[iTunes]], the Finder, and other Apple products for visually skimming through files and digital media libraries via cover artwork. That version also introduced [[Spaces (software)|Spaces]], a [[virtual desktop]] implementation which enables the user to have more than one desktop and display them in an Exposé-like interface;<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/spaces.html | access-date=16 December 2008 | title=Spaces. Room for everything. | publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215205127/http://www.apple.com/macosx/features/spaces.html | archive-date=15 December 2008}}</ref> an automatic backup technology called [[Time Machine (macOS)|Time Machine]], which allows users to view and restore previous versions of files and application data;<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/timemachine.html | access-date=16 December 2008 | title=Time Machine. A giant leap backward. | publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215222504/https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/timemachine.html | archive-date=15 December 2008 }}</ref> and Screen Sharing was built in for the first time.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/300.html#finder | access-date=16 December 2008 | title=Finder | publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215210759/http://www.apple.com/macosx/features/300.html | archive-date=15 December 2008}}</ref>

In more recent releases, Apple has developed support for [[emoji]] characters by including the proprietary [[Apple Color Emoji]] font.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/3/4/3966140/how-emoji-conquered-the-world|access-date=28 July 2014|title=How emoji conquered the world|author=Jeff Blagdon|website=The Verge|date=4 March 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306003148/http://www.theverge.com/2013/3/4/3966140/how-emoji-conquered-the-world|archive-date=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="Smile, You’re Speaking EMOJI: the rapid evolution of a wordless tongue">{{cite web|last1=Sternbergh|first1=Adam|title=Smile, You're Speaking EMOJI: the rapid evolution of a wordless tongue|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/11/emojis-rapid-evolution.html|website=New York magazine|date=17 November 2014|access-date=15 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326144817/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/11/emojis-rapid-evolution.html|archive-date=26 March 2017}}</ref> Apple has also connected macOS with social networks such as Twitter and Facebook through the addition of share buttons for content such as pictures and text.<ref>{{cite web|title=OS X Mountain Lion: Share with iCloud, Facebook, Twitter, and other services|url=https://support.apple.com/kb/PH11435?locale=en_US|publisher=Apple|access-date=14 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419023942/https://support.apple.com/kb/PH11435?locale=en_US|archive-date=19 April 2016}}</ref> Apple has brought several applications and features that originally debuted in [[iOS]], its mobile operating system, to macOS in recent releases, notably the [[intelligent personal assistant]] [[Siri]], which was introduced in [[macOS Sierra|version 10.12]] of macOS.<ref name="siri1">{{cite web | url=http://fieldguide.gizmodo.com/13-things-you-can-do-with-macos-sierra-you-couldnt-befo-1787059614 | access-date=28 September 2016 | title=13 Things You Can Do with MacOS Sierra You Couldn't Before | website=[[Gizmodo]] | date=27 September 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927150746/http://fieldguide.gizmodo.com/13-things-you-can-do-with-macos-sierra-you-couldnt-befo-1787059614 | archive-date=27 September 2016 }}</ref><ref name="siri2">{{cite magazine | url=http://www.macworld.com/article/3088224/macs/how-to-use-siri-on-macos-sierra.html | access-date=28 September 2016 | title=How to use Siri in macOS Sierra: A look at using the Apple's virtual assistant on the Mac | magazine=[[Macworld]] | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204005925/http://www.macworld.com/article/3088224/macs/how-to-use-siri-on-macos-sierra.html | archive-date=4 February 2017 }}</ref>

==Unix and Unix-like systems==