Recovery model: Difference between revisions

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In [[medicine|general medicine]] and [[psychiatry]], recovery has long been used to refer to the end of a particular experience or episode of [[illness]]. The broader concept of "recovery" as a general philosophy and model was first popularized in regard to recovery from [[substance abuse]]/[[drug addiction]], for example within [[twelve-step program]]s.

Application of recovery models to psychiatric disorders is comparatively recent. The concept of recovery can be traced back as far as 1840, when [[John Thomas Perceval|John Thomas Perceval]], son of one of Britain'sPrime primeMinster ministers[[Spencer Perceval]], wrote of his personal recovery from the psychosis that he experienced from 1830 until 1832, a recovery that he obtained despite the "treatment" he received from the "lunatic" doctors who attended him.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190919204034/http://www.recoverywithinreach.org:80/Recovery/history History of the Recovery Movement]</ref> But by consensus the main impetus for the development came from within the [[Psychiatric survivors movement|consumer/survivor/ex-patient movement]], a grassroots self-help and advocacy initiative, particularly within the [[United States]] during the late 1980s and early 1990s.<ref name="USsurgeon">Office of the Surgeon General and various United States Government agencies (1999) [https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/nn/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101584932X120-doc Mental Health: A report of the Surgeon General. Section 10: Overview of Recovery]</ref> The professional literature, starting with the [[psychiatric rehabilitation]] movement in particular, began to incorporate the concept from the early 1990s in the United States, followed by New Zealand and more recently across nearly all countries within the "[[First World]]".<ref name="RecoveryEmergent">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ramon S, Healy B, Renouf N |title=Recovery from mental illness as an emergent concept and practice in Australia and the UK |journal=Int J Soc Psychiatry |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=108–22 |date=March 2007 |pmid=17472085 |doi=10.1177/0020764006075018|s2cid=25732602 }}</ref> Similar approaches developed around the same time, without necessarily using the term recovery, in Italy, the Netherlands and the UK.

Developments were fueled by a number of long-term outcome studies of people with "major mental illnesses" in populations from virtually every continent, including landmark cross-national studies by the [[World Health Organization]] from the 1970s and 1990s, showing unexpectedly high rates of complete or partial recovery, with exact statistics varying by region and the criteria used. The cumulative impact of personal stories or [[testimony]] of recovery has also been a powerful force behind the development of recovery approaches and policies. A key issue became how service consumers could maintain the ownership and authenticity of recovery concepts while also supporting them in professional policy and practice.<ref name="Deegan88">{{cite journal | author = Deegan PE | year = 1988 | title = Recovery: The lived experience of rehabilitation | url = http://www.bu.edu/cpr/repository/articles/pdf/deegan1998.pdf | journal = Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal | volume = 11 | issue = 4| page = 4 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070926115018/http://www.bu.edu/cpr/repository/articles/pdf/deegan1998.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-26 | doi = 10.1037/h0099565 }}</ref>